Section 23.1

 Explain the circumstances that allowed for the Nazi rise to power in Germany  Identify the characteristics of a Totalitarian state  Evaluate the actions of Germany, Italy, Soviet Union and Japan before the outbreak of war

 German Leader during WWII  Austrian  Served with German Army during WWI  Joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) after WWI

 Italian Leader during WWII  Born in Italy  Mussolini and the “Black Shirts” fought against Socialists and Communists to gain power

 Leader of the Soviet Union  Georgian  Following Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924, Stalin took power of the Communist party in the Soviet Union

 Single-Party dictatorship  Strong charismatic leader  State control over the economy  Use of fear to enforce the will of the state  Use of propaganda to indoctrinate citizens  Strict censorship of opposing opinions

 Restricted German Armed forces  Lost territory for the German Republic  Germany is forced to pay reparations About 226 Billion Reich marks

 Value of German Mark :1 American Dollars July 1923 – 160,000:1 August 1923 – 1,000,000:1 November 1923 – 130,000,000,000:1  1923 Beer Hall Putsch Hitler’s attempt to seize power in Germany Arrested and sentenced to 9 months in prison

 Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Preached anti-Semitism Outlined his plans on restoring the German Nation Revered the “Master Race” of Aryans  Rise in Nazi support Struggling economy, unemployment and a hope for a better Germany

 By July 1932 the Nazi Party had became the largest party in the Reichstag (Legislature)  January 30, 1933 – President Paul von Hindenburg offered Adolf Hitler the position of Chancellor  February 1933 – Reichstag building was burned down Hitler claimed it was an attack by Communists  August 1934 – Hindenburg dies suddenly Hitler combines the office of President and Chancellor and assumes the role of Fuhrer

 A government ideology that promotes Nationalism People in a Fascist states main goal is to promote their country in any way possible  Benito Mussolini Took power in Italy in 1922 forming a Fascist government  Outlawed political parties  Restricted the press  Created a secret police  Adolf Hitler Looked up to Mussolini (at first) as a Fascist leader and instilled Fascism as the national ideology in Germany

 Wanted to transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power  1930’s Instituted the “Great Terror” series of campaigns of political repression and persecution Other political leaders, members of the Red Army and peasants were murdered Deaths tolled around 10 million

 Lebensraum (Living Space)  Against the Treaty of Versailles – Hitler ordered the military to be rebuilt  1935 Invasion of the Saar  1936 Retaking Rhineland  1938 forced Austria to join Germany- Union called Anschluss  1938 Invasion of Sudetenland

 1935 invasion of Ethiopia  1939 invasion of Albania

 Appeasement- policy of granting concessions to a potential enemy in hope that it will maintain peace Only led to Fascist leaders to more expansion  Reasons for Appeasement Did not want to repeat World War I Threat of the Soviet Union France and Britain were not ready for war  Munich Pact- British PM Chamberlain met with Hitler to negotiate peace. Hitler agreed to the terms (for now)

 NOT a totalitarian state  Feudal Monarchy – Emperor  Tough Economic times of the 1930’s caused for change Militarist leaders believed that through expansion, it would bring economic prosperity  1931 invasion of Manchuria  1937 invasion of China Rape of Nanjing  More than 200,000 civilian deaths  20,000-80,000 Chinese women were raped by Japanese soldiers

 Explain the circumstances that allowed for the Nazi rise to power in Germany  Identify the characteristics of a Totalitarian state  Evaluate the actions of Germany, Italy, Soviet Union and Japan before the outbreak of war