1. The Great Depression and the causes of WWII
Ch. 31Years of Crisis
The Great Depression and the causes of WWII

2. Post-WWI Global Economics
Many countries experienced an economic boom during the 1920s.
Germany’s economy goes into a deep depression as a result of the terms of the Versailles Treaty
In 1929; the stock market crashes in America causing a depression for all industrialized countries
In Germany and Italy, people turn to “radical” leaders who promise to improve their desperate position

3. The Rise of Fascism
Fascism: A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule.
Glorifies action, violence and discipline
Blind loyalty to the state over personal freedom
Warfare is a necessary and noble struggle for survival

4. denied individual rights
Fascism vs. Communism
Fascism
Communism
nationalistic (good for the country alone)
social classes are necessary
made up of aristocrats, industrialists, war veterans and lower middle class
internationalistic (communists believed their system should spread throughout the world)
seeks a “classless society”
made up or urban working classes and peasants
ruled by dictators
denied individual rights
not democratic
religious practices not allowed

5. Fascism in Italy Fueled by inflation and unemployment
Benito Mussolini rises to power promising to rescue Italy’s economy and rebuild military
Fascist party founded in 1919
Mussolini becomes dictator of Italy in 1922

6. Benito Mussolini
Abolished democracy in Italy and installed a Fascist government
Secret police jailed people that opposed him
Radio and publications forced to broadcast Fascist teachings
Censorship and terror used to keep power and people under control
Promoted Italian nationalism

7. DO Now- The Rise of Mussolini
Describe what Mussolini is trying to recreate in Italy.

8. Post-war Germany New government was the Weimar Republic
Weak coalition government
There was high inflation due to war reparations
Government loses the support of the German people due to its weakness

9. Rise of the Nazi Party in Germany
Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi)
Joined by Adolf Hitler after WWI
Policies of this party formed brand of fascism called Nazism
Hitler became Führer (leader) of the Nazi party in 1920’s

10. Hitler’s Rise to Power Wrote Mein Kampf (my struggle) while in prison
Asserted that Germans were a “master race”
Expressed outrage over treatment of Germans in the Treaty of Versailles
Declared Germany’s need for “living space”
Blamed Jews for Germany’s problems (anti-semitism)
Nazis became powerful political party
Hitler is appointed chancellor in 1933

11. Hitler’s Totalitarian State
Banned other political parties
Hitler created the SS that arrested and murdered Hitler’s enemies
The Gestapo was established as the secret police
Built up military (went against Versailles Treaty)
Used propaganda to promote beliefs and increase popularity
School children had to join the Hitler Youth

13. Germany’s Anti Jewish Sentiment
Nuremberg Laws: deprived Jews of most of their rights
Jews lived in segregated areas called “ghetto’s”
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)- Jewish businesses burned by German’s

14. Hitler Speech

15. Exit Slip List 3 actions Hitler took to power
Determine which action was the most important and write 2-3 sentences defending your opinion

16. The Rise of the Nazi’s

17. German Aggression
Hitler planned to expand the Third Reich - German Empire
1936: Hitler ordered German military into demilitarized Rhineland- violation of the Treaty of Versailles
1938: Germany annexed Austria
Western European countries gave into his demands (APPEASEMENT!!!)
Hitler threatened war if the Sudetenland (a Germanic part of Czechoslovakia) was not surrendered to Germany

18. The Munich Conference
September 1938: leaders of Britain, France, Italy and Germany held a conference in Munich, Germany
Agreed to allow German annexation of the Sudetenland
Hitler promised to not expand any further and pledged peace
Appeasement policy continued

19. Steps Towards War- 1939 Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia
Hitler demanded port city of Danzig from Poland
Germany invaded Poland in 1939-start of WWII
-Britain and France declare war on Germany (promised to protect Poland)

20. Japanese Expansion
Japan seeks to solve its economic problems through foreign expansion into China
Takes over Manchuria, China in 1931
League of Nations protests
Japan withdraws from the League
Japan invades the rest of China in 1937
Rape of Nanking- Japanese rape and murder over 10,000 Chinese women in the city of Nanking- Genocide