Chapter 1 Sections 1 and 2

1.What is science? Science is a way of understanding the natural world. 2. What skills do scientists use to understand the natural world? Observing, inferring, and predicting.

3. Observing- Using one or more of your senses to gather information. 4. Inferring- When you explain or interpret things you observe based on reasoning. 5.Predicting- Making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence.

6.Name the five scientific attitudes mentioned in the book:  Curiosity  Honesty  Open mindedness  Skepticism  Creativity 7. Describe scientific inquiry: Refers to the many ways in which scientists study the natural world and create explanations based on the evidence they gather

8. What does scientific inquiry start with? It starts with a question or a problem. 9. What is a hypothesis? A possible explanation for observations or a possible answer a scientific question. 10. *Very important- A hypothesis must be testable.

11. Describe a controlled experiment: A test of a hypothesis where the scientist determines how one variable affects the outcome of the experiment. (Two groups) 12. Variable- One of the factors that can change in an experiment. * The thing being tested* 13. Manipulated variable- The variable that a scientist changes

14. Data- Facts, figures and other evidence gathered through observation. 15. What do you do at the end of an experiment? Draw conclusions, communicate results, repeat 16. What is the ultimate goal of science? To develop concepts that help explain how the natural world works

17. Theory- the most logical explanation for events that happen in nature. Based on scientific facts. Name some scientific theories: Atomic theory, plate tectonics, evolution, Big bang theory

18. Law- A statement of fact that has been tested many times and is accepted as true with no exceptions. Name some scientific laws: the speed of light, the gas laws, superposition, thermodynamics. 19. Scientific method- A systematic approach to problem solving.

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1.What are the three main ideas that Earth scientists use to guide their work? The structure of the Earth system, E’s history, and E in the solar system. 2. What is a System?- A group of parts that work together as a whole. 3.What are the four parts scientists divide the Earth into? 1.Lithosphere2. Biosphere 3. Hydrosphere4. Atmosphere

Lithosphere- A ridged layer made up of the upper most part of the mantle and crust. Biosphere- The area on the earth which includes all living organisms. (the life zone) Hydrosphere- The area on earth which contains water found in streams, lakes, ground water, oceans, vapor, etc… Atmosphere- the outermost sphere which contains a mixture of gases that surround the planet.

8.What is the main source of energy for the systems on Earth? The sun! 9. How old do scientists believe the Earth to be? 4.6 billion years old 4,600,000,000 Wow! 10. What are constructive and destructive forces? Give examples: The E has not stayed the same through its history. Constructive forces have built up mountains and landmasses. Destructive forces have worn away mountains and other features

11.What makes up the solar system?- the sun, the planets and their moons. 12. Name the five branches of E science: Geology, oceanography, meteorology, astronomy, and environmental science. 13. Geology- the study of the solid earth and the forces that shape it. 14. Oceanography- the study of the E’s oceans including chemistry and living things. 15. Meteorology- the study of the E’s atmosphere including weather and climate.

16. Astronomy- the study of the universe beyond the solar system. (Including stars and galaxies) 17. Environmental science- the study of the E’s environment and resources.

18. What do environmental scientists do? They work to determine the effects of human activities on the E. 19.What is a scientific model and how is it used in E science? Models help explain things that are complex or can’t be observed easily. Example: Weather prediction (Maps)