1. Chapter 1 Section 2: The study of Earth Science
Remember to write the Key terms with enough space to define them in your ISN! Please write Key Concepts also, but you do not need to respond to them in the same way. They are for you to think about, and for you to remember what these sections were about without having to open the book.
Geologist
Oceanographer
Meteorologist
Astronomer
Environmental scientist
Key Concepts:
Key terms:
What are the big ideas of Earth Science?
Earth Science
What are the branches of Earth Science?
System
Energy
How do Earth scientists use models?
Constructive Force

2. Section 2: Study of Earth Science
What do Earth Scientists study? What are the big ideas?
They use several big ideas to guide their work
The earth is 4.6 billion years old!
Earth science – the term for knowledge about earth and its place in the universe.

3. Big idea #1. Structure of the Earth System
Scientists divide the earth’s system (system: a group of parts that work together as a whole) into four parts:
Lithosphere - crust
Hydrosphere – liquid
Atmosphere - air
Biosphere – life
These spheres are linked, so a change in one sphere can affect all the other parts.
Matter and energy constantly move from one part to other parts.
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.

4. The spheres. Interacting
The spheres! Interacting! They work together as a whole so they are a system!

5. How would a change in the hydrosphere affect the lithosphere?
How would a change in the biosphere affect the atmosphere?
Practice questions:

6. The sun and the earth’s interior
The sun and the heat from the earth’s interior provide a lot of energy for Earth’s processes.
the sun affects the water cycle by causing evaporation of water
the earth’s interior heat creates energy for volcanoes.
The sun and the earth’s interior

7. Quick Review!
What is a hypothesis? a possible explanation for a set of observations (MUST BE TESTABLE!!) What is a variable? a factor that can change in an experiment Where do we begin scientific inquiry? posing questions and/or making observations Explain the difference between scientific theory and scientific law. a theory explains observations scientists have made a law describes a pattern in nature that scientists expect to find every time under a certain set of conditions Allllllllllll rightttt!!! If you had problems with these questions, remember to review section 1 again. Doing a little reviewing at a time will HELP you. I will do my best to help you review regularly, but you need to spend a little time on your own (or with friends!) reviewing material we’ve gone over.

8. Big idea #2. Earth’s history
Earth’s surface has changed over time.
Constructive forces: shape Earth’s surface by building up mountains and landmasses
Destructive forces: slowly wear away mountains and other features of Earth
We’ll talk more about these forces as we go along. Right now just know that these two kinds of forces have shaped Earth, and know the difference between the two.

9. Big idea #3. Earth in the Solar System
This is another subject we will come back to in later chapters!
For now, know that Earth scientists study other planets and objects in the solar system to help them understand Earth and its history. (like astronomers  )

10. Branches of Earth Science
The ones we’ll learn about are:
Geology
Oceanography
Meteorology
Astronomy
Environmental Science
What do each of these kinds of scientists study, and what might their roles be in the preservation of Earth? Why are these kinds of science important to Earth?

11. Geology! Geologists study: Forces that have shaped Earth
Rocks and their formations; soils
Land masses
Geology!

12. Oceanography Oceanographers study: Earth’s oceans!
The chemistry of oceans
The shape of oceans
Living things in oceans
OCEANS!!
Oceanography

13. Meteorology Meteorologists study:
Conditions in the atmosphere from around the world
Meteorology

14. Astronomy Astronomers study: The universe beyond Earth
Some focus on just our solar system
Others focus on huge expanses of the universe
Astronomy

15. Environmental Science
Environmental scientists study:
Earth’s environment and resources
The effects of human activities on Earth’s land, air, water, and living things.
They try to solve problems like pollution.
Environmental Science

16. Using Models in Earth Science
Why do scientists use models?
They’re smaller, easier representatives of a larger scale item or process
Physical models
Computer simulations

17. What you should know from this section:
The key terms
Why scientists use models
The kinds of earth science listed
How the spheres affect one another

18. Practice questions! What kinds of forces erode the earth?
What are scientists who study weather called?
Why do scientists use models?
Is the earth a system?
Can you say the order of the scientific method?
What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?
What is a model that imitates something in the real world called?
Review sections 1 and 2 of chapter 1. You will be tested on these sections. We will talk more about this tomorrow.