Trading Systems Review AP World History

Before 600 BCE Mainly localized trade Mesopotamia was known to trade with Ancient Egypt Hittites (nomadic group) facilitated trade in between

600 BCE – 600 CE

Silk Road Han Dynasty, Maurya, Gupta, Rome Impacts Spread of Buddhism from India to China  Buddhism changed by deifying Buddha

Indian Ocean Maurya, Gupta, Han, Rome, Persia, Southeast Asia Rome didn’t directly trade in the Indian Ocean but was connect to it through the Mediterranean Monsoon Winds – made trade predictable Impact Hinduism reached Southeast Asia

600 – 1450

Silk Road Tang/Song Dynasties, Mongol Empire, Islamic Caliphates, India Mongols – revived Silk Road & made it safer Impact: Bubonic Plague (Black Death)  helped end feudalism in Europe  creation of nation-states Spread of Islam into India  influenced by Hindu practices

Indian Ocean Trade Tang/Song Dynasties, Southeast Asia, India, East Africa (Swahili States), Islamic Caliphates New navigation technology: compass, astrolabe, lateen sail, junks Impact Islam reaches E. Africa (Arabic), SE Asia & China (Zheng He) New tech reaches W. Europe  opens them up for exploration Slavery from East Africa Sinification of Japan, Korea, Vietnam  Japan took language and bureaucratic system but kept feudal structure

Trans-Saharan Islamic Caliphate (N. Africa)  Ghana & Mali (W. Africa) Gold (W) & Salt (N) Impact Spread of Islam (Mansa Musa & Ibn Battuta)  adopted by the elite but not the common people

1450 – 1750

Globalization Americas join the Eastern Hemisphere Spanish, Portuguese, British, Dutch, Ottomans, Ming, Japan, Southeast Asia Ming start closing their borders  no active exploration Silk Road obsolete

Columbian Exchange Western Europe & Latin America Impact Native 90+% population killed (smallpox & war) Introduction of horses  more hunting for plains Indians Europeans Increase in health and life expectancy  new food and nutrients (potato)

Triangular Trade (Atlantic System) W. Europe (manufactured goods)  W. Africa (slaves)  Colonies (raw materials)  W. Europe Impact Atlantic Slave Trade Males population decreases in W. Africa Wars between W. Africa nations for slaves Brazil & Caribbean get most slaves  plantations high mortality rate South America  sustained population Rise of wealthy business class Sparks Industrial Revolution in Britain  free/cheap raw materials + new markets Hacienda system created in Latin American colonies  exploitation of native

Silver Trade Peru & Mexico, Spain, China Impact Ruined Chinese & Spanish economy  inflation Decline of the Spanish Empire

Imperialism Industrial Revolution  need raw materials Revolutions in Americas  need new markets Ottomans & Qing leave trade Economic Imperialism  British take over Qing trade (opium) United States enters trade  Japan (Meiji Restoration) Panama (US controlled) & Suez (British controlled) Canals make trade faster

Present

Trade Regulatory Organization OPEC – control oil World Trade Organization – organize trade NAFTA – no tariffs between Canada, US, Mexico European Union – reduce tariffs for member countries Impact Economic dependence  depression Increased global access to variety of goods Spread of ideas  new inventions Disease epidemics  Flu