CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES NORTH ADVANTAGES Larger population 22 million v. 5.5 million More industry 91.7% v. 8.3% More resources Fast rivers v. meandering Iron ore and coal Wheat Better banking system National Banking System One kind of currency More railroad mileage miles v. 9,283 miles 6,000 actual S. miles Most people traveled west Better leader (Abraham Lincoln) Lincoln v. Jefferson Davis National Gov’t v. Confederation More ships North to blockade the South (Anaconda Plan) North could block gun powder from China Better balance between farming and industry South was primarily an agricultural region Cotton and tobacco Functioning Government DISADVANTAGES Faced hostile people Southern territory unfamiliar

CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES SOUTH ADVANTAGES Strong popular support Enthusiasm There was division in the North War Democrats (supported) Copperheads (Northerners who Opposed the War) Familiar territory The South was fighting a defensive war Superior military training facilities Military academies in the South Southerners were acclimated to the outdoors DISADVANTAGES Smaller population Few factories Less food production Fewer railroad miles Fewer ships Jefferson Davis Belief in states’ rights

CIVIL WAR PROBLEMS NORTH AND SOUTH SOUTH Enlistments declined Draft law drew names of men to serve for 3 years could hire a substitute Bombing raids caused people to have to leave their homes Blockade caused imported goods to disappear Crops were destroyed, railroads were torn apart Clothing wore out and could not be replaced NORTH “Peace Democrats” (also called “Copperheads”) favored a truce with the Confederacy New York State Enlistments declined Bounties offered – failed Bull Run Draft law drew names of men Antietam/Emancipation Proc. Could buy out of it for $300 Draft riots took place in New York City in July, 1863

CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES NORTH The Anaconda Plan 1.Blockade the South 2.Split the Confederacy by gaining control of the Mississippi River Cut off the meat supply from Texas 3.Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital

CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES SOUTH WIN RECOGNITION AS AN INDEPENDENT NATION 1.Capture Washington, D.C. 2.Seize central Pennsylvania 3.Defend homeland until North tired of fighting 4.Get Britain to pressure North to end blockade to restore cotton supplies Emancipation Proc.

CIVIL WAR BATTLES, st BATTLE OF MANASSAS/ BULL RUN July 21, Northerners expected a quick victory and an early end to the war. - Residents of Washington, D.C. came out to watch - Confederates won the battle - General Thomas Jackson earned the title “Stonewall Jackson at this battle

CIVIL WAR BATTLES, BATTLE OF THE MONITOR AND MERRIMAC March 9, first battle between two ironclad warships; marked new age in naval warfare - battle ended in a “draw”, neither side won

CIVIL WAR BATTLES, Shiloh (Tennessee) April 6, bloodiest battle of the war to that point -- 1,735 Union dead -- 7,882 Union wounded -- 1,728 Confederate dead -- 8,012 Confederate wounded - Union victory

CIVIL WAR BATTLES, ANTIETAM (Maryland) September 17, bloodiest single day of battle in America’s history -- 2,010 Union dead -- 9,416 Union wounded -- 1,512 Confederate dead -- 7,816 Confederate wounded - Confederate defeat which prevented Gen. Lee from convincing Britain to support the South

CIVIL WAR EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION January 1, Political move on the part of Abraham Lincoln when he was concerned the North was tiring of war - Freed only the slaves in the “rebellious” states - Gave the North a new reason to continue the war - Britain decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy

CIVIL WAR WOMEN IN WAR ran farms and businesses worked in factories became teachers and government workers served the military as nurses, messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and spies Clara Barton, nurse in the war, eventually organized the American Red Cross