1. 16.3-A Call to Freedom 16.4-Life During the Civil War

2. Emancipation Proclamation Page 473
Originally main goal for Union was to preserve Union.
Republican Party, including Lincoln wanted to only prevent the expansion of slavery
Attitudes about slavery began to change in the North.

3. Read page 474 Response from Lincoln about pressure to declare an end to slavery

4. Emancipation Proclamation
Many Northerners felt that slavery was helping the war effort in the South
Slaves raised crops to feed armies
They dug trenches for the Confederates protection in battles

5. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln wanted to wait until the right moment to emancipate all slaves in the South
The win at Battle of Antietam was the right moment.

6. Effects of Proclamation
Applied only to areas that the Confederacy controlled.
Did not actually free anyone
Lincoln hoped that the slaves would hear of this proclamation and would encourage them to run away.

7. Joyful response Many Abolitionist greeted news with joy.
Britain and France decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy
Congress started to prepare a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery
However, the 13th Amendment is not passed until 1865

8. Fredrick Douglass 1864
“The Emancipation Proclamation is the greatest event of our nation’s history”.

9. As news of the proclamation spread throughout the Confederacy, thousands of slaves fled to freedom.
The proclamation established that the war was being fought not only to preserve the Union, but to end slavery. Few enslaved people were freed by the action, however.

10. African Americans in War
Lincoln decided to permit African Americans to join the Union army
By end of the war 1/6th of enslaved persons fled to the Union
African Americans were never allowed to fight in the Confederacy.

11. African American Soldiers
By end of war, 10% of the army and 18% of the Navy was African Americans.
They received lower pay than white soldiers/sailors. In 1864, they began to receive equal pay.

12. 16:4 Life During the Civil War
An American Story: page 478
Reality of War: New rifles with greater accuracy helped create thousands of casualties in each battle.
Medical facilities were overwhelmed.

13. Reality of War Faced with horrors, many men deserted. 11:1 Union
8:1 Confederate
Confederates suffered from lack of food and supplies which led to starvation
How can you fight a war when you can’t feed the troops?

14. Women and the War Men off to war, women took over their jobs
They helped roll bandages, wove blankets and made ammunition.
They raised money for supplies
Took over home responsibilities

15. Clara Barton
Famous nurse that goes on to establish American Red Cross

16. Opposition to the War: Copperheads
Northern Democrats split into two groups
Peace Democrats wanted to negotiate with Confederacy. Known as Copperheads
Copperheads fed on fear of the public about racists beliefs
Their support grew after a defeat on the battlefield.

17. Habeas corpus
Guarantees accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed.
Lincoln suspended habeas corpus several times during the war.
Why?

18. Enlistments Decline Draft: Requires men to serve in the army.
Both North and South required draft

19. Union
Encouraged enlistment by offering bounties: Payments to encourage volunteers
March 1863, North turned to a draft
Could avoid the draft by hiring a substitute or by paying the government $300
Protest over draft law: New York riots killed more than 100 people. Troops were called out to end riot.

20. South Davis suspended habeas corpus too.
His actions outraged Southerners who feared that they would lose the liberties they were fighting for in this war.

21. Economy North coped much better than South
Both North and South financed war by borrowing money, increasing taxes (North income tax) and printing money (North Greenbacks)
North: 2 Billion
South: 700 million

22. North Prospers
Factory production
Farming

23. South Economic Troubles
North blockades were effect
Inflation: General increase in prices
Railroads destroyed
Farm land destroyed
Fighting mainly fought in South