Biochemistry Review Let’s check your understanding…
State the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things.
Answer Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
State three other elements that are required by living things – albeit in smaller quantities…
Answer Phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur
What word means…”carbon based compounds produced by living things”?
Answer organic
Who am I?
Answer An amino acid – building block of proteins
Who am I?
Answer a monosaccharide sugar – building block of carbohydrates
Who am I?
Answer Fatty acid – building block of FATS/TRIGLYCERIDES. This one is a SATURATED fatty acid
Who am I?
Answer Another amino acid…
Who am I?
Answer Unsaturated fatty acid
Who Am I?
Answer polymer
Which of the following DOESN’T belong? Glucose Lactose Galactose Fructase
Answer Fructase – the rest are sugars (all end in – ose)… ending in –ase means its an ENZYME
Who am I?
Answer Protein – a chain of amino acids
Which element is present in maltase but not maltose? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Calcium
Answer Maltase is an enzyme, which is a protein. Maltose is a sugar, or a carb. So, proteins have CHONS, while carbs contain CHO. So…that means that the answer is NITROGEN.
Name that sugar! used by ANIMALS for short term energy storage
Answer Polysaccharide: glycogen
Name that sugar! provides rigidity to plant cell walls
Answer Polysaccharide: cellulose
Name that reaction… Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide Disaccharide + Water
Answer Dehydration synthesis or condensation
Name that reaction Amino Acid + Amino Acid Protein + Water
Answer Dehydration synthesis, or condensation
Name that reaction! Fat + Water 3 fatty acids + glycerol
Answer Hydrolysis, decomposition
Name that macromolecule class! Used for long term energy storage in animals, protection, buoyancy and insulation
Answer Lipids – specifically, fats
Name that macromolecule class! Comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ONLY
Answer carbohydrates
Name that macromolecule class! Accounts for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells.
Answer proteins
Name that macromolecule class! The only thing the members of this group have in common is that they are all NONPOLAR (i.e. hydroPHOBIC) and are comprised chiefly of C, H, and O (sometimes P)
Answer lipids
Name that macromolecule class!
Answer lipids
Name that macromolecule class! Used for transport, protection, catalysts, cellular communications, defense against foreign substances
Answer proteins
The most bang for your buck, in terms of energy, comes from…
Answer lipids