Colonization A colony is a piece of land away from a country that is owned by that country A colony is a piece of land away from a country that is owned by that country –Citizens who live in the colony are still ruled by their home country –Governments do this for money, resources, and power

Reasons for citizens to colonize in America Lack of opportunity to have a good life in home country Lack of opportunity to have a good life in home country Stories of gold and riches in America Stories of gold and riches in America Escape religious persection (when someone treats you badly because of your beliefs Escape religious persection (when someone treats you badly because of your beliefs Spread Christianity Spread Christianity

The First Colony: Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh brings a group to Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh brings a group to Roanoke They fail They fail –Relied on Native Americans for food –Native Americans stopped helping when they realized colonists wanted to take land Raleigh tries again at Roanoke Raleigh tries again at Roanoke –Entire colony mysteriously dies

Jamestown Jamestown is the first successful British colony (in present-day Virginia) Jamestown is the first successful British colony (in present-day Virginia) Settled in swampy lands with poor drinking water Settled in swampy lands with poor drinking water Spent their time looking for gold instead of building good shelters and growing food Spent their time looking for gold instead of building good shelters and growing food Within 1 year, 70 of the 100 settlers had died Within 1 year, 70 of the 100 settlers had died

Jamestown, continued John Smith took over control of the colony John Smith took over control of the colony Encouraged settlers to work for survival, not riches Encouraged settlers to work for survival, not riches Began trading with the Native Americans Began trading with the Native Americans

Jamestown, continued Settlers grow tobacco and ship it back to England Settlers grow tobacco and ship it back to England Slavery began to help grow tobacco Slavery began to help grow tobacco Indentured servants come to America to work off their debt Indentured servants come to America to work off their debt –in return they receive free passage to America and free land once their debt is paid off

Triangular Trade Over time, 13 colonies were established Over time, 13 colonies were established Triangular trade Triangular trade –Slaves from Africa to America –Sugar and tobacco from America to England –Rum and textiles to Africa

13 Colonies New England New England –Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut Middle Middle –New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Delaware Southern Southern –Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

New England Colonies Sold rum in triangular trade Sold rum in triangular trade Also sold raw goods, such as lumber, sugar, and fish to England Also sold raw goods, such as lumber, sugar, and fish to England Colonists had small, family farms Colonists had small, family farms –Grew food only for their families, not to sell

Middle Colonies They grew a lot of wheat on plantations (large farms) They grew a lot of wheat on plantations (large farms) Sold wheat and other farmed products on triangular trade Sold wheat and other farmed products on triangular trade Known as Breadbasket Colonies Known as Breadbasket Colonies

Southern Colonies Separated from Middle Colonies by Mason-Dixon Line Separated from Middle Colonies by Mason-Dixon Line Plantations were main source of money Plantations were main source of money Main cash crops to export (ship out of the colonies) were rice, tobacco, and indigo Main cash crops to export (ship out of the colonies) were rice, tobacco, and indigo Slavery used to help farm the plantations Slavery used to help farm the plantations –Slaves were most common in the southern colonies –Laws were written that said slaves could be treated as property

Review Who were some of the first settlers in America? Who were some of the first settlers in America? Why did citizens wish to leave Great Britain to live in America? Why did citizens wish to leave Great Britain to live in America? What kind of life did early settlers have? What kind of life did early settlers have?