2.1 Properties of Matter > 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Chapter 2 Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter 2.2 Mixtures 2.3 Elements and Compounds 2.4 Chemical Reactions

2.1 Properties of Matter > 2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Properties: what you observe when you look at a particular sample of matter. Is a solid shiny, or dull? Does it have a color? Does a liquid flow quickly, or slowly? Is a gas odorless, or does it have a smell? Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Describing Matter Why do all samples of a substance have the same properties? Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Every sample of a given substance has identical properties because every sample has the same composition. Identifying a Substance Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 5 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. * Hardness, color, odor, conductivity, melting point and boiling point are examples of physical properties. Identifying a Substance Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Physical properties can help chemists identify substances. A colorless, odorless liquid that boils at 100˚C and melts at 0˚C would likely be water. A colorless liquid that boiled at 78˚C and melted at –117˚C would definitely not be water. It would likely be ethanol. Identifying a Substance Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 7 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Physical Properties of Some Substances SubstanceStateColorMelting point (°C) Boiling point (°C) NeonGasColorless–249–246 OxygenGasColorless–218–183 ChlorineGas Greenish- yellow –101 –34 EthanolLiquidColorless– MercuryLiquidSilvery-white – BromineLiquidReddish-brown –7 59 WaterLiquidColorless SulfurSolidYellow Sodium chloride SolidWhite GoldSolidYellow CopperSolidReddish-yellow Interpret Data

2.1 Properties of Matter > 8 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Physical Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive properties. Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 9 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Mass and volume are both examples of extensive properties. Think of two more examples. 1.) ______________ 2.) ______________ Extensive Properties Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 10 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. Extensive Properties Describing Matter –The mass of a basketball is greater than the mass of a golf ball.

2.1 Properties of Matter > 11 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object. Extensive Properties Describing Matter –The volume of a basketball is greater than the volume of a golf ball.

2.1 Properties of Matter > 12 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. * Absorbency is an example of an intensive property. * Think of one more. (ex: ____________) Intensive Properties Describing Matter

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. There are properties to consider when selecting a basketball besides mass and volume. The outer covering may be made of leather, rubber, or a synthetic composite. –Each of these materials has different properties that make the basketballs suitable for different playing situations. Intensive Properties Describing Matter

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. For example, leather balls are suitable for indoor play but not outdoor play. Leather balls absorb water and dirt more than rubber balls do. Intensive Properties Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 15 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Density is the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. The relationship between an object’s mass and its volume tells you whether it will float or sink. Describing Matter mass volume Density =

2.1 Properties of Matter > 16 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Mass greater than Volume equals High density. Volume greater than Mass equals Low density. Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 17 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Because of differences in density, liquids separate into layers. Because of differences in density, things will float or sink. As shown at right, corn oil floats on top of water, WHY? Corn syrup sinks below water, WHY? Describing Matter Corn oil Water Corn syrup

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Each object in this figure has a different chemical makeup, or composition. Identifying a Substance Describing Matter The soda can is mainly aluminum. The watering can is mainly copper.

2.1 Properties of Matter > 19 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. Aluminum and copper are examples of substances, which are also referred to as pure substances. Identifying a Substance Describing Matter

2.1 Properties of Matter > 20 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Aluminum and copper have properties in common and different besides their obvious colors. Aluminum is highly reflective and is often used in silver paint. Pure copper can scratch the surface of aluminum because copper is harder than aluminum. Copper and aluminum are conductors of heat and electric current. Copper and aluminum are both malleable, which means they can be hammered into sheets without breaking. Identifying a Substance Describing Matter

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. You want to compile a list of properties of a substance, but you don’t have a way to measure mass or volume. What kinds of properties can you determine without knowing the amount of matter in the sample?

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. You want to compile a list of properties of a substance, but you don’t have a way to measure mass or volume. What kinds of properties can you determine without knowing the amount of matter in the sample? You can determine the sample’s intensive properties, or the physical properties of the sample.

2.1 Properties of Matter > 23 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition. Key Concepts

2.1 Properties of Matter > 24 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.. END OF 2.1