1. Honors Magnet Chemistry
Matter and Change

2. Important Vocabulary
Matter – the “stuff” around you. Matter is everything around you. Atoms and molecules are all composed of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass- the amount of stuff in an object.

3. Classification of Matter
States of Matter
Matter can be a gas, a liquid, or a solid.
Gases have no fixed shape or volume.
Liquids have no shape, but they do have a volume.
Solids are rigid and have a definite shape and volume.

4. The Properties of Matter
Extensive properties – depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Example – volume, mass, amount of energy in the substance
Intensive properties – do not depend on the amount of matter that is present
Example – melting point, boiling point, density

5. Substances
Matter that is uniform and has a definite composition; either an element or compound; also called pure substance.
Element: Definition
Compound: a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion.
Can only be separated by CHEMICAL means
All samples of an identical substance have the identical physical and chemical properties

6. Properties of Matter
When a substance undergoes a physical change, its physical appearance changes.
Ice melts: a solid is converted into a liquid.
Physical changes DO NOT result in a change of composition.

7. Physical Properties
Physical property – quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Color
Odor
Hardness
Density
Solubility
Melting point, boiling point, freezing point
Physical state – solid, liquid, gas

8. Chemical Change
A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.

9. Properties of Matter
When a substance changes its composition, it undergoes a chemical change:
When pure hydrogen and pure oxygen react completely, they form pure water.

10. Indications that a chemical reaction has occurred
Energy released or absorbed
Color change
Odor released
Production of a gas
Irreversibility
Production of light

11. Law of Conservation of Mass
During any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.

13. Mixtures Physical blend of two or more substances Composition can vary
2 types:
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

14. Heterogeneous Mixture
Not uniform in composition
Has 2 or more phases
Dirt, salad, rocky road ice cream

16. Homogeneous Mixture Has a completely uniform composition
All components are evenly distributed
Consists of a single phase
Called a SOLUTION

17. Solution – what do you think of?
Can be gas, liquid, or solid!!!!!

18. STOP! 
Up next, separation techniques!

19. Separating mixtures Use PHYSICAL methods Magnet, sifting,
Liquid mixtures – distillation Page 47

20. Organic distillation
Distillation

21. Sugar + heat carbon + water
Water + electric current  hydrogen +
oxygen

22. Is iron transforming into rust a physical or chemical change
Does the substance change composition or just change appearance?

23. The color of sulfur is yellow..
Physical
Chemical
Does the substance change composition or just change appearance?

24. Dynamite explodes to form a mixture of gases
Physical
Chemical
Does the substance change composition or just change appearance?

25. Aluminum melts at 933 K Physical Chemical
Does the substance change composition or just change appearance?

26. Plants use CO2 to make sugar
Physical
Chemical
Does the substance change composition or just change appearance?

27. Chemical Reactions One or more substances change into new substances
REACTANT(S)  PRODUCT(S)
 means “change into”, “produce”, “yields”

28. Chemical Property
The ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions and to form new substances
Rusting, burning, fermenting, exploding, rotting, decomposing
Iron and sulfur example