Ch. 17: Progressive Movement 1890-1920 1903 Elkins Act 1906 Hepburn Act Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906 Conservation National Reclamation Act, 1902 US Forest Service, 1905 William H. Taft (1909-1913) Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910 16th Amendment 17th Amendment Bull Moose Party New Nationalism Woodrow Wilson New Freedom Underwood Tariff 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Federal Reserve System, 1913 Federal Trade Commission, 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 Civil Rights Niagara Movement Progressivism Roots of Progressivism Religious Groups Carrie Nation Radicals Muckrakers The Jungle History of Standard Oil Chicago Scientific Management Commission form of Gov’t. Council-Manager form of Gov’t. Robert “Battling Bob” LaFollette Direct Primary Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Minor v. Harppersett (1875) Suffrage Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Square Deal 1902 Coal Strike Curb Trusts

Ch. 17: NC Competency Goals US 7.01: Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism. US 7.02: Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and political gains in the Progressive Period. US 7.03: Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on different regions and segments of the United States' society. Student Objectives: Students will be able to: Identify & explain the key terms on pages 518, 522, 531, 537, & 543. Successfully complete the chapter review on pages 544-545; Identify the main social problems of the time & explain how they were solved; Explain the role of muckrakers in Progressive society; Identify & explain the presidency of all 3 Progressive Presidents; Analyze the Women’s Rights movement; Identify & explain all 4 Progressive Amendments; and Assess the problems faced by minority community & analyze the extent of how those problems were addressed.

PROGRESSIVISM Reform movement that called for gov’t. to fix the problems of Society 2 Main Goals: Protect individual rights & regulate big business Mainly working class people Grangers Populists Social Reforms Gov’t. Reforms Problems Solutions Problems Solutions Tenement Houses Tenement House Law 1901: Stricter building codes Spoils System & Patronage Merit System & Pendleton Act: Must take test to prove you can do the job Child Labor Committee 1904: To end child labor Children’s Bureau, 1912: Investigate & end child labor Child Labor City-Manager Form & Commission Form of Gov’t.: Professionals in charge of running the city gov’t. 17th Amendment: Citizens elect their Senators, not city boss Direct Primary: Voters select nominees for upcoming elections Political Machines & City Bosses Meat Packing Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906: Label food & change processing techniques Prohibition & Temperance: Effort to ban alcohol Led by Carrie Nation Drinking

PROGRESSIVISM REFORMERS The people or groups that made it happen Muckrakers Investigative journalists that exposed problems in society Uncovered ugly aspects of American life Social Reformers Gov’t. Reformers Social Gospel Mvmt. Robert “Battling Bob” La Follette: Reformer at State level Exposed problems in Meat packing industry Wrote: The Jungle Upton Sinclair YMCA US Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt William Taft Woodrow Wilson Reformers at the Federal level Exposed problems in Standard Oil Industry Wrote: History of Standard OIl Ida Tarbell Salvation Army Exposed problems with Tenement housing Wrote: How the Other ½ Lives Jacob Riis Temperance Mvmt. Exposed lynching Wrote: Lynching & Other Southern Horrors Ida Wells

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT: 1901-1908 Republican Nicknames: TR, Teddy, Trustbuster Platform Square Deal: Protect little people from Big Business Laws Passed 1902 Coal Strike: TR used arbitration to stop strike; threatened to use military Pres. Can end strikes to protect American people Elkins Act, 1903: Illegal to change rates or give rebates without notice Keep good ones & get rid of bad ones Enforced Sherman Anti-Trust Act Feelings about Trusts Hepburn Act, 1906: Set maximum rate railroads can charge Tariffs High Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906 TR considered this to be a very important issue Nat’l. Reclamation Act, 1902: Created irrigation projects in the West US Forest Srvc., 1905: Manages Nation’s water & timber resources Conservation Conservation Laws

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT William Taft: 1909-1913 Republican Platform None Amendments Feelings about Trusts Attacked ALL trusts 16th: Income Tax Tariffs Said he would lower tariffs, but never did 17th: Direct Election of Senators Conservation Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910: Sold land TR set aside Angered TR & conservationists Laws Passed None

TR Returns to Politics TR didn’t like what Taft was doing & decided to run for Pres. in 1912 Bull Moose Party Progressive 3rd Party of TR Tariff reductions, women’s suffrage, labor reforms, conservation etc. New Nationalism: Fed. Gov’t. would put national need before sectional or personal advantage Reforming public welfare Shot during campaign speech, kept speaking despite wound (1.5 hrs.) In the 1912 election, the Rep. party split their vote between Taft & TR TR got more votes than Taft, but Dems. won & take control of Congress

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT Woodrow Wilson: 1913 – 1920 Democrat NEW FREEDOM Attacked the triple wall of privilege Tariffs, Trusts & High Finance Platform Feelings about Trusts Committed to regulating Big Business Federal Reserve Bank System, 1913: Controls $ supply 12 districts in USA Prevented bank failures Finances Federal Trade Commission, 1914: Investigated Unfair business practices Laws Passed Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914: Unions & strikes are legal 18th: Prohibition Tariffs Underwood Tariff: Lowered tariffs Amendments 19th: Women’s suffrage

Women had very few rights in the early 20th Century (1900s) Women's Rights Suffrage Court Cases Women’s movement to gain The right to vote Used picketing, parades, & civil disobedience Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Limited hours women Laundry workers could work Minor v. Happersett, 1875 Said women were citizens, but they were not guaranteed the right to vote 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote Leaders of the Women’s Suffrage Movement Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton Josephine Ruffin

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS & CIVIL RIGHTS Progressive Presidents did very little to aid civil rights for certain groups Niagara Movement: Meeting of African Americans to discuss black concerns & issues Jim Crow Laws made Stronger No Anti-Lynching Laws African Americans Forced to assimilate & live on reservations Feared culture would not survive 1930s: Finally allowed To practice traditions Equality still a long way off Native Americans Faced lots of discrimination Immigrants

Booker T. Washington Believed higher education for African Americans was limited Urged African Americans to compete economically, not socially Economic importance will end racism Created all African American college – the Tuskegee Normal & Industrial Institute 1881, Alabama Education for trades & farming

WEDB Du Bois 1st African American to earn Harvard PhD                                                                WEDB Du Bois 1st African American to earn Harvard PhD Believed African Americans should seek liberal arts to have well educated leaders Be more than just farmers, etc. Wanted to challenges whites socially & economically Used peaceful activism

George Washington Carver Instructor at Tuskegee Helped to end dependence on cotton in the South Showed importance of peanuts & sweet potatoes 100s of new uses for peanuts: Inks Dyes Plastics Medicines

Ida Wells Between 1885 & 1900: 2,500 African Americans lynched in the South It was a family affair – it was a form of Southern entertainment Wrote Lynching & Other Southern Horrors to draw attention to the problems in the South Called for anti-lynching legislation

Talented 10th Small elite group of African Americans who led the community to end racism

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Organization created to protect the rights of African Americans Du Bois helped create in 1909