Chapter 7:

Stats  Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use (AIDU)  The highest risk of illicit drug use is between the ages of 12 and 25 years.

Stats  90% of all drug users have used marijuana at some point

Drugs and Crime  75% of adult males arrested for violent crimes in NY tested positive for drugs  Half of all domestic violence involves drugs  75% of evidence being evaluated in crime labs in US is from drug related crimes

Drugs defined  Drug  any natural or synthetic substance designed to affect humans psychologically or physically  Some drugs are able to pass through your body and into your brain and affect neurotransmitters (chemical signals in brain)

Vocab  Any drug in excessive amounts is a poison  Poison  any substance in body that negatively affects metabolism. Bad for you!  Study of poisons: toxicology!  Metabolism  ALL chemical reactions in your body, breaks down drugs

A quote  All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy”  -Parcelsus

Vocab  Illicit drug  taken only for pleasure. No medicinal value  Controlled substance  any drug restricted by law

Schedule of controlled subst. Federal: DEA  DEA: Drug Enforcement Administration  Schedule I drugs:  No acceptable medical use  High abuse risk  Heroin/Marijuana

 Schedule II drugs:  Prescription must be written in ink and signed  High abuse narcotics (pain killers)  Severe psychotic or physical dependence

 Schedule III:  Prescription can be in pencil  Small amount of narcotic in it (tylenol + codeine)  Schedule IV and V:  May not need prescription

Addiction  Addiction: physiological and/or psychological need or dependence on something with the desire for MORE!  Hard drugs are physically addictive  Heroine, morphine, cocaine, nicotine  Soft drugs are not physically addictive  Marijuana, LSD, Mescaline  Psychological addiction  Caffeine, ketamine, marijuana

Physiological vs. Physchological  Physiological effects: withdrawal symptoms  You can physically withdraw from something and not be addicted if you are not psychologically addicted  Psychological effects: perceived NEED

Drug classifications  Class A  Highly addictive, Very dangerous  POSSESSION: up to 7 yrs in prison  DEALING: up to life in prison  Example: Heroin, Morphine, GHB, Special K

 Class B  Highly addictive, moderate danger  POSSESSION: up to 5 yrs in prison  DEALING: up to 14 years in prison  Example: Cocaine, LSD, Ecstasy, Oxycontin/oxycodone, Amphetamine, & Methamphetamine

 Class C  Not physically addictive  POSSESSION: up to 2 years in prison  DEALING: up to 14 years in prison  Example: xanax, vicodin, mescaline, mushrooms  Class D  POSSESSION: under 1 ounce = violation  More than an ounce = up to 6 months  DEALING: up to 2 ½ years  Example: marijuana

Hallucinogens  Change normal thought and senses  Marijuana: THC is the active ingredient  Hash oil: 50% THC  LSD: found in fungus Ergot that grows on grain (salem witch trials)  flashbacks  PCP: feel no pain, causes memory loss, paranoia  Ecstasy (MDMA): Synthetic, confusion, memory loss, increased bp & heart rate  Ketamine (Special K): club drug like MDMA, GHB, rufies, LSD, causes delerium and amnesia

Stimulants  Stimulate the Central Nervous System  Increase heart rate  Increase blood pressure  Anxiety  Examples: cocaine, crack, meth  Cocaine comes from coca plant, take 500 lbs of leaves to make 1 lb of coke  Nicotine and Caffeine are stimulants that are not controlled substances

METH FACE  th/body/ th/body/

Depressants  Depress Central Nervous System  Slow heart rate  Decrease blood pressure  Slow reaction time  Slower mental processing  Hinder memory  Examples: alcohol (not controlled substance), tranquilizers, barbituates (downers), benzos

Narcotics/analgesics  Pain relievers: affect Central Nervous System  Opiates, morphine, codeine, HEROIN, oxycodon, percoset  Overdoses can cause death  Mild anelgesics are OTC: tylenol, aspirin

OUCH!  Drugs like meth and heroin actually REWIRE your brain  Becomes nearly impossible to feel any pleasure due to damaged dopamine receptors

Neurotransmitters  A.html A.html

 heroin.cfm heroin.cfm  tml