Chapter 8 Introduction to the body!

The cell Cells are microscopicCells are microscopic Every cell is programmed to do a specific job that allows the body to function.Every cell is programmed to do a specific job that allows the body to function. –Each cell reproduced, grows and repairs itself, uses oxygen and nutrients, digests food for energy, eliminates waste, produces heat and energy and is able to move around

Three Main Parts NucleusNucleus CytoplasmCytoplasm Cell membraneCell membrane

Tissues Tissues are specialized groups of cellsTissues are specialized groups of cells –Five types NerveNerve EpithelialEpithelial ConnectiveConnective BloodBlood MuscleMuscle –Smooth –Striated –Cardiac

Tissues of the Body Nerve tissueNerve tissue –Through out the body Sends impulses to/from the CNS and to/from the bodySends impulses to/from the CNS and to/from the body Epithelial TissueEpithelial Tissue –Forms the outer skin and lines the body cavities and passages to the outside of the body Protects, secretes, absorbs and receives sensationsProtects, secretes, absorbs and receives sensations

Connective tissueConnective tissue –Bones, tendons, fat Binds, supports and connects body tissuesBinds, supports and connects body tissues Blood and Lymph TissueBlood and Lymph Tissue –Moves through the circulatory system Delivers nourishment electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat and oxygen to all body tissuesDelivers nourishment electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat and oxygen to all body tissues

Muscle tissueMuscle tissue 1.Cardiac –Heart muscle only –Contracts the heart 2.Smooth –Internal Organs –Contracts internal organs 3.Striated –Through out the body for movement –Contracts and flexes to allow movement

Where are these found? Organs are made up of different types of tissue that work together Example-Heart is an organ made up of:Example-Heart is an organ made up of: –Connective –Nerve –Muscle-Cardiac

Systems A system is a group of organs working together to perform a certain function. The body is composed of several systems. –Skeletal –Muscular –Circulatory –Lymphatic –Respiratory -Digestive -Urinary -Glandular -Nervous -Reproductive -Integumentary

Directions of the Body Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position –The erect position of the body with the face directed forward the arms at the side and the palms of the hands directed forward. erectposition bodyfaceforwardarmssidepalmshandserectposition bodyfaceforwardarmssidepalmshands

Directional terms describe the positions of structures relative to other structures or locations in the body.Directional terms describe the positions of structures relative to other structures or locations in the body. Superior or cranial toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity). Inferior or caudal away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity).Superior or cranial toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity). Inferior or caudal away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity). Anterior or ventral front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg). Posterior or dorsal back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body).Anterior or ventral front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg). Posterior or dorsal back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body).

Medial toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot).Medial toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot). Lateral away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot).Lateral away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot). Proximal toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone).Proximal toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone). Distal away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm).Distal away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm).

Cavities of Body Cranial CavityCranial Cavity –Houses the brain Spinal CavitySpinal Cavity –Houses the spinal cord Thoracic CavityThoracic Cavity –Houses the heart lungs and large blood vessels Abdominal CavityAbdominal Cavity –Stomach, most of intestines, kidney, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen Pelvic CavityPelvic Cavity –Urinary bladder, part of intestine, rectum, parts of repo system.