Physical Activity & Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes – Autoimmune illness where the body cannot produce insulin. – Insulin dependent, insulin is not present genetic, (formerly called Childhood Onset Diabetes, and Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Type 2 Diabetes – Non-insulin dependent, Insulin is present but not used properly, (formerly called Adult-Onset Diabetes, and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Risk Factors Obesity Physical Inactivity Diet high in fat Saturated fat Family history Ethnicity/Culture – African Americans, Native Americans/American Indians (Pima Indians), and Hispanic/Latinos have higher rates of diabetes than Caucasians – Nature or Nurture?

Health Consequences Blindness – Damages the blood vessels in the retina – Cataracts – clouds the eye’s lens – Glaucoma – increases optic pressure – leads to nerve damage and loss of vision – Diabetics are twice as likely to suffer from Glaucoma that adults w/o diabetes Kidney disease – Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure Nerve damage - unsure of the exact cause, but usually a combo of issues including: – High glucose levels, high levels of fat, smoking, alcohol use, autoimmune issues Cardiovascular disease - often suffer from a cluste of hypokinetic diseases and/or poor habits (obesity, hypertension, smoking, high LDL, inactive)

Prevention and Treatment Type 1 – Insulin Type 2 – Physical Activity – Diet – Maintaining a healthy body weight – Medication – Insulin