Compass Instrument with north- pointing needle
astrolabe Instrument for finding latitude by measuring the angle of stars.
Prince Henry the Navigator Set up first European school for navigators Worked with others to design and build other ships Sent explorers south along Africa’s west coast.
Caravel Fast sailing Portuguese ship Designed by Prince Henry the Navigator
Portuguese Explorers Found gold dust, ivory, and slaves Became more interested in trade than discovery
John Cabot Explored the coasts of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia
Giovanni da Verrazano Sailed from North Carolina to New York
Sir Martin Frobisher Sailed the coast of Greenland Discovered the bay that bears his name in northern Canada
Henry Hudson Explored the Hudson River and sailed to Albany, New York
Bartolomeu Dias Portuguese captain who first sailed around the tip of Africa Named the southern tip of Africa the Cape of Storms
Cape of Good Hope King of Portugal’s name for the Cape of Storms
Vasco da Gama Orders for the King to “proclaim the Christian Faith” and “wrest kingdoms and new states from the hands of the Barbarians Led first Portuguese convoy to India
bullion Gold and silver for making coins
scurvy A disease caused by lack of Vitamin C
convoy Large group of ships
Christopher Columbus Sailed west for waterway to India Explored the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola Later explored the coasts of Venezuela and Central America Died convinced he found a new way to India
Mutiny Overthrow of officers Sailors threatened Christopher Columbus with mutiny
Pope Alexander VI Pope who drew up demarcation for Spain & Portugal
Papal line of demarcation Imagine line from North to South pole Non-Christian land east of the line went to Portugal and land west of the line went to Spain
Treaty of Tordesillas Treat that gave land west of the line of demarcation to Spain and land east of the line to Portugal Portugal is able to claim Brazil
conquistadores Spanish explorers Set out to find gold Columbus talked about
Ponce de Leon Explored Florida
Balboa Crossed the isthmus of Panama First European to see the great South Sea
Hernando Cortes Explored Mexico Spread smallpox Destroyed Aztec empire Took large amounts of gold
Francisco Pizarro Explored Peru Conquered Incas Built Lima, Peru “The City of Kings” Took gold and silver from native Americans
Hernando de Soto Explored west of Florida and Mississippi River
Francisco Coronado Explored the region of the Grand Canyon
Magellan Looked for western route to the East Indies Strait of Magellan named after him He renamed the great South Sea the Pacific ocean Circumnavigated the world
pacifico Spanish word for peaceful
circumnavigating Sailing around the world
Sea dog Ship’s captain
conquistadores Spanish conquerors
John Cabot Explored Newfoundland and Nova Scotia Looking for a North west passage to India Claims land for England
Giovanni da Verrazano Sailed along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to New York Italian navigator who sailed for France
Jacques Cartier Sailed up the St. Lawrence River Gave French a claim for Eastern Canada
Sir Martin Frobisher Discovered the Frobisher Bay in Northern Canada
Henry Hudson Founded the Hudson Bay, Hudson River, and Hudson Strait in Canada Sailed for the Dutch and gave them their claim to the Americas