1. Spanish & Portuguese

2. Prince Henry the Navigator
Portuguese
Established a school for navigators
Never actually sailed himself

3. Prince Henry the Navigator
Sponsored voyages along the African coast to:
Win the slave trade away from the Muslims
Stop Muslim expansion

4. Vasco da Gama 1497-1498 Portuguese
First to reach India from Europe by sea
Went around the Southern tip of Africa

5. “It was my wish to bypass no island without taking possession…”
Christopher Columbus 1492
Italian (?), but sailed for Spain
Wanted to sail west to reach India
“It was my wish to bypass no island without taking possession…”

6. Christopher Columbus 1492
Made landings in the Bahamas, Cuba & northern South America
Called the natives “Indians” because he believed that he was off coast of India

7. Amerigo Vespucci
Was the first to recognize that the Americas were new lands & NOT India
German geographer may have named the Americas after Vespucci

8. Ferdinand Magellan 1519-1522 Portuguese, but sailed for Spain
His crew completed the first ever circumnavigation

9. Ferdinand Magellan
Killed in the Philippines, but his crew returned to Spain
Significance: world is round, oceans connected, lands that Columbus discovered were not part of Asia

10. Magellan’s Route

11. Hernando Cortes
Spanish conquistador
Conquered the Aztecs

12. Hernando Cortes 1519-1521 Montezuma believed that Cortes was a god
Offered him gifts of gold
Cortes was not satisfied; killed a large # of Aztecs during a religious festival

13. Hernando Cortes 1519-1521 Spanish advantages over the Aztecs:
Guns, horses & disease

14. Juan Ponce de Leon 1513 Spanish Looking for the Fountain of Youth
Left Puerto Rico & arrived in Florida

15. Francisco Pizarro 1531 Spanish Sailed from Panama to Peru
Conquered Incas

16. French, Dutch & English

17. Samuel de Champlain 1608 French Founded Quebec
First permanent French settlement in the Americas

18. John Cabot 1497-1498 Italian, but sailed for England
Looking for a Northwest Passage

19. John Cabot
Explored coasts of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, & New England

20. Henry Hudson 1609-1610 English; sailed for the Dutch & the English
Looking for Northwest passage to India

21. Henry Hudson 1609-1610 Charted: Much of coastal North America
The Hudson River
The Hudson Bay in Northern Canada