B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Small Commercial Windows and Insulation Ryan Firestone, Wayne Leonard, and Danielle Gidding January, 2011

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 2 The Plan for Commercial Weatherization  Goal Approval of provisionally deemed measures and research plan  November RTF Conclusions – Deemed savings will require rigorous modeling approach and narrowly defined measures SEEM may be appropriate for residential-type construction eQUEST/DOE2 would be an appropriate platform for larger more complicated buildings.  Today  Review current deemed measures  Building characterization  Model Calibration  Savings results and cost effectiveness

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 3 Subcommittee Review  Subcommittee Meeting  Thursday, January 27 th  Attendees: Adam Hadley, Ryan Firestone, Danielle Gidding, Wayne Leonard, Mira Vowels, Adam Hadley, Tim Steele, Ray Hartwell, Irfan Rehmanji, Sheree Willhigte, Eric Boyer, Ryan Fedie (3pm), Carrie Nelson, Lauren Gage  Topics discussed  Review of model inputs  Infiltration credit  Ordering of model inputs (first in, last in)  Measure Costs  Internal gains  Recommendation  Provisionally deem with research plan

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Changes in Response to Subcommittee Meeting  Reduced HVAC equipment size (sized to 40° ∆T, based on whole building UA)  Subtracted window area from wall area  Confirmed that ducts are in crawl space for crawl space model  Confirmed that the “no insulation” cases are the same values as the residential analysis Allows for minimal insulation existing  Adjust SHG for windows to match residential analysis  Adjust ACH from 1.72 to 0.75 Consider two windows cases: one with no ACH change, one with a 0.2 cfm/sq ft reduction

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Current Deemed Commercial Window Measures 5

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Current Deemed Commercial Insulation Measures 6  Current PTR savings and cost.  Lifetime reduced to 20 years.  Resulting 6th Plan cost effectiveness

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 7 Residential-type Construction Proposed Measures  “Residential-type”  Up to 5,000 sq. ft.  Wood frame and wood exterior  Measures  Windows, Shop-built – Single Pane to U0.30 (Energy Star)  Windows, Site-built – Single Pane to U0.30  Attic Insulation– R0 to R38  Walls Insulation– R0 to R11  Underfloor Insulation– R0 to R30  Slab on Grade Perimeter – R0 to R10

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 8 Commercial Weatherization Methodology 1) Characterize residential type commercial buildings CBSA Fill in data gaps as necessary – CA CEUS (for non-HVAC EUI) 2) Identify appropriate modeling platform SEEM, for residential-type construction 3) Calibrate model to match annual energy use intensities non-HVAC EUI, whole building EUI, and monthly loads Adjust HVAC setpoints and schedules, infiltration, heat gain 4) Define measure and base cases “last-in” assumption – base case is all measures in and sealed ducts “first-in” assumption – base case is no insulation, single pane windows, imperfect ducts 5) Define measure identifiers and weighting Location – Portland, Seattle, Boise, Spokane, Kalispell Building size – {1,500 ft 2, 3,000 ft 2, 5,000 ft 2 } Heating type – {electric resistance, heat pump ( 5 control strategies)} 6) Results SEEM results, 6 th Plan costs, ProCost

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 9 SEEM Analysis  Availability of established, easy to use simulation (SEEM) for analysis  Examine effect of building size, heating type, and measure ordering on savings  RTF familiarity  Relatively inexpensive to conduct analysis with  Good first run of methodology  Appropriate for residential-type construction  Limitations  schedule  internal loads  weekend/weekday distinction  construction type  thermal mass of walls  Limitations of current deemed analysis: EZSim, based only on 1,100 ft 2 building models, resistance heat

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 10 Building Characterization  SEEM applicability  wood frame/wood surface buildings  under 5,000 sq. ft.  Heating  electric resistance  heat pump (use battery of control strategies and weighting from RTF residential analyses)  Business type  office, retail (majority of small wood buildings can be characterized as one of these)

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N  ≤5,000 sq ft, wood, office and retail  Not much significant difference between small office and small retail  EUI Estimation Model: For same size buildings, no statistically significant difference in EUI 11 CBSA Building Characterization

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N  CA CEUS EUIs (kWh/sq ft/year), all-electric buildings 12 Non-HVAC EUI Building Characterization

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 13 Model Calibration  Consider  CBSA building characteristics  CBSA load profiles  CBSA EUI (whole building)  CA CEUS EUI (non-HVAC)  Calibration Levers  Space conditioning setpoints and schedules  R-values (walls, ceiling)  Air changes per hour

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 14 Model Calibration Occupancy Parameters

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 15 Model Calibration Equipment Parameters

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 16 Model Calibration Duct Parameters

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 17 Model Calibration – Envelope Parameters

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 18 Model Calibration – Foundation Parameters

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 19 Model Calibration Infiltration Parameters

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 20 Analysis  Location  {Boise, Kalispell, Missoula, Portland, Seattle, Spokane} – weighted averages for each heating zone  Building Size  {1,500 ft 2, 3,000 ft 2, 4,500 ft 2 }  Heating Type  {resistance, heat pump}  Use weighted average of residential battery of controls for heat pump  Measure Order  Last measure in  First measure in

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 21 Additional Details  Two window measures models 1.ACH is constant (0.75) 2.ACH reduced by window measure Windows from 0.5 cfm/sq ft to 0.3 cfm/sq ft (ACH 0.49 to 0.60)  Two baseline models:  Slab on grade – used for all measures except underfloor  Crawlspace – used for underfloor insulation measure.  Ducts moved from attic to crawlspace

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 22 Analysis – Weighting of Savings

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 23 Measure Ordering  Last-in analysis - upgrade calibrated model to fully retrofitted  Perfect ducts  Windows - U0.30  Walls - R11  Attic - R38  Underfloor - R30 (separate model with crawlspace)  Perimeter – R10  First in analysis – downgrade calibrated model  Windows – U0.90 (single pane)  No insulation

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N First/Last-In Analysis for Commercial Weatherization  Last Measure In  Most conservative savings results  Low savings are a potential programmatic barrier to achieving savings  Not representative of actual commercial building savings  Likely that converted houses not fully retrofitted  Many EE measures not offered in small commercial to double count savings  First-in analysis done to compare savings results  Requesting input from subcommittee on input parameter values and first/last in assumptions

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 25 Last-In Analysis – Energy Savings

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 26 First-In Analysis – Energy Savings

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 27 Comparison Analysis – Last In savings as a percentage of First In savings

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 28 Analysis – Cost and Lifetime  Cost  Lifetime – 20 years to account for commercial building turnover and renovation (40 for residential windows and insulation)

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 29 Cost Effectiveness  6 th Plan ProCost TRC B/C Ratio  Heating and cooling savings disaggregated to apply different load shapes in ProCost (CommHeat, Comm Cool)  Values in pink have a cost-effectiveness greater than or equal to one. Last In First In

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 30 Sensitivity – Internal Gains  Last-in total savings (heating and cooling) for 50%, 100%, and 200% of base case internal gains 50% 100% 200%

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 31 Sensitivity – Internal Gains  Last-in TRC B/C for 50%, 100%, and 200% of base case internal gains 50% 100% 200%

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measure Summary 32

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measure Summary 33

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measure Summary 34

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measure Summary 35

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Proposal 36  Provisionally Deem Measures (2 year sunset date)  Windows, Shop-built – Single Pane to U0.30 (Energy Star)  Option 1) with ACH reduction  Option 2) without ACH reduction  Windows, Site-built – Single Pane to U0.30  Attic Insulation– R0 to R38  Walls Insulation– R0 to R11  Underfloor Insulation– R0 to R30  Slab on Grade Perimeter – R0 to R10

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Proposal Cont. 37  Measure ordering  Option 1: Last-In  Option 2: First In  Option 3: Intermediate  Eligible to all “Residential-type” commercial buildings  Up to 5,000 sq. ft.  Wood frame and wood exterior  Heating: electric resistance or heat pump  Research Plan for Provisional Deeming

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Research Plan based on Subcommittee Comments 38  Infiltration Levels  Question: What are infiltration levels after window installation?  Research:  Billing history analysis for heating and non-heating loads  Post-installation blower door testing on sample of retrofitted buildings  Insulation Baseline for Windows  Question: what is baseline insulation in buildings for attic and floors?  Research:  Collect data during installation of baseline insulation  Internal Gains  Question: Do buildings have high internal gains?  Research:  Collect business type information from program participants

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Back Up Slides

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Detailed Measure TRC – First In

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Detailed Measure TRC – Last In