Ch 25 America Moves to the City ID-The Shift to the City (560) and Dumbbell Tenement (561) Summary 1- What is this chart saying about where Americans are living? People are moving to the cities Urbanization- growth of cities Summary 2- What year do more Americans live in the city than rural areas? 1920 (51% live in cities, % live in cities) Summary 3- What were two disadvantages to a dumbbell tenement? Only one room exposed to direct sunlight and fresh air Each floor shared the bathrooms (2 toilets)

OI- The Urban Frontier 1)Identify 3 improvements of living in a city Electricity (lighting, elevators, trolley cars (transportation)), shopping (department stores, Sears), skyscrapers (more office space=more jobs), entertainment (nightclubs, professional sports, plays) 2) Identify 3 problems with living in a city Sanitation (trash collection), fires, crime, pollution, slums 3)Define a dumbbell Tenement Apartment building meant to improve living condition for the poor What is the problem that poor housing usually faces with renters who do not have the money to maintain upkeep on the apt? Dumbell Tenements became run down, slums (little ventilation, trashed dumped b/t buildings, apt, split b/t several families)

ID- Annual Immigration (562) Summary 4- Identify the 3 years with highest immigration before 1935 and the reason for the two dips in immigrations in 1893 and , 1913, 1916 Panic of 1893 (country poor, no jobs), WWI (US closed immigration f. Europe) OI- The New Immigrants 4) Before 1880 where in Europe did most immigrants come from? Northern and Western Europe (England, Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia ) What is the term given to these immigrants? Old Immigrants 5) What qualities allowed these immigrants to blend in? Light skinned, protestant, spoke English 6) Where were the New Immigrants after 1880 from? Eastern and Southern Europe (Italy, Poland, Russia) 7) Why were they feared by Americans? Felt New Immigrants would not blend in, why? Darker skinned, Catholic or Jewish, different language

ID-Jane Addams- (P 568) Summary 5- What did she start? Hull House, a settlement house (house meant to help women and immigrants- day care, counseling, OI- Reactions to the New Immigration 8) Explain the “Social Gospel” and how it relates to Christians Idea that Christians should help the less fortunate (help your neighbors, do unto others as you would yourself) YMCA, Salvation Army are Christian organizations founded due to Social Gospel 9) How did the Hull House seek to help immigrants? English classes, counseling, childcare, Am. culture 10) WHAT workplace rule did Florence Kelley fight to end? Employment for wives and mothers

ID- Old and New Immigration (570) Summary 6- Identify the shift that takes place on the chart New immigrants outnumber Old Immigrants OI- Narrowing the Welcome Mat 11) What were Nativists’ worried about in regards to New Immigrants? That New Immigrants would not fit in and destroy American culture 12) Identify two groups who worked against the New Immigrants Know Nothings, American Protective Association 13) What immigrant group in 1882 was prevented entirely from immigrating to the US? Chinese (1 st immigration limit ever, before open border for all countries)

ID- Booker T Washington and WEB DuBois Summary 7- Identify both men in the two pictures Booker T. Washington (gradual equality for blacks) WEB DuBois (immediate equality for blacks) OI- Booker T Washington and the Education of Black People 14) What was Washington’s strategy to educate African/Americans (What did he want Af/Am to learn?) Vocational education (skill) idea is that Af/Am would earn respect of whites, economic freedom through work, and then demand equality when the country was ready 15) Why did some people disagree with Washington’s views? Af/Am. were being lynched and discriminated against unfairly now and needed immediate help 16) What did WEB DuBois preach for blacks? Immediate equality for blacks Talented Tenth- educate the brightest to become doctors, lawyers, and businessmen (their success will bring up others and earn white respect 17) What did DuBois start to aid African-Americans? NAACP- provides scholarships for university and lawyers to protect civil rights in court

ID- Women Suffrage Before the 19 th Amendment (587) Summary 8- Identify what region allowed women to vote and what region did not -West allowed women’s suffrage, South and East Coast Why do you feel the West allowed more freedom for Women while the South and East did not? OI- Families and Women in the City 18) Why did birth rates begin to go down around the late 1800’s? -Birth control, families getting married for love, expensive to raise children in a city, economic success before marriage 19) What did Charlotte Gilman demand for women in Women and Economics? -Women are equal to men, biological differences did not make women less talented 20) What argument did Carrie Chapman Catt give in regards to why women should vote? -In a city, government needs to provide more services for families and women know what is best for families as mothers