2. Cities Grow & Change Changes in American Life 1880-1914 Chapter 21, Section 1

3. Essential Questions Who is responsible for helping those who can ’ t help themselves?

4. Growth of American Cities Industries Set Up Their Factories in Cities Cities Offered Good Transportation & Plenty of Workers Urbanization – The Growth of Cities

6. Growth of the Cities Millions of People Migrated (Moved) to American Cities Millions of Immigrants Came for Jobs! Many Struggling Farmers Moved to Cities for Jobs

7. Technology Helps Cities to Grow Skyscrapers – Helped Millions of People to Live in Cites Bessemer Steel Process Made it Cheaper to Make Steel (7x Cheaper!) Steel Was Used to Build Skyscrapers! Very Sturdy! (9/11) Buildings Could Now Be Built Higher & Hold More People

9. Technology Helps Cities to Grow Laying on the Couch, Honk – Honk Elevators (1889) Otis Elevator Company Created the 1 st Elevator All Buildings Used To Be Built NO Higher Than 4 Floors WTC Had 110 Floors

10. Streetcars/Subways Streetcars Improved Transportation in Cities: –People Use to Walk & Or Ride Horses/Wagons How Long Would It Take to Walk From the East to the West Side of NYC? Richmond, VA Was the 1 st City Ever to Have Streetcars! Chicago Built Subways Above Ground (The “ EL ” ) & NYC Built Subways Underground

11. Streetcars Expand Cities Streetcars/Subways/ Trains Allowed for Cities to Expand People Could Live Farther & Farther Away from Cities Suburbs Emerged: –Valhalla More People Commuted to the Cities for Work & Entertainment

12. Tenements Tenements Were Overcrowded Apartments (Run-Down) Millions of People Moved into Cities to Find Jobs! Workers Earned Less Than $10 a Week: –Not Enough $$$ to Pay For Rent! Moved in with Other Families in Tenements!

13. Dangerous Living Conditions! Tenements Were Extremely Dangerous to Live In! Dangerous Because: –Old Buildings –Landlord Neglect –Poor Design –Little Government Control Led to Poor Living Conditions!

14. The “ Dumbell ” Tenement

15. Poor Conditions of Tenements Major Problems Living in Tenements: –Overcrowded (Families Shared Apartments) –No Garbage Pick Up –Dumped Garbage into Narrow Alleys –No Fresh Air –No Running Water –Sewage Flowed in Open Gutters (Spread Disease)

20. Lewis Hine (Photographer) Lewis Hine was a Photographer Who Took Pictures of Tenements Why Did He Publish His Pictures in Newspapers?

22. Slums Neighborhoods Full of Tenements & Poverty Most Notorious Slum was the Lower East Side of Manhattan Irony Today?

23. The Social Gospel Movement A Movement For Improving the Lives of the Urban Poor Started by Protestant Churches 2 Major Goals: –End Child Labor –Open Up Settlement Houses for the Poor

24. Settlement Houses Settlement Houses Helped the Poor Improve Their Lives: –Provided Daycare –Allowed Parents to Work –Provided Education –Taught English Classes to Immigrants –Offered Health Care to the Poor Most Famous Settlement House was the Hull House

25. Jane Addams Jane Addams is the Founder of the HULL HOUSE! Dedicated Her Life to Helping the Poor The Hull House is the Most Famous Settlement House Founded in Chicago, 1889

26. The Hull House

27. Political Machines Political Machines are Organizations (Usually Corrupt) that Influence Enough Votes to Control a Local Government Exchanged Favors for Votes Political Machine Role Play!

28. Political Machines (+/- ’ s) Positives (+ ’ s): –Built City Parks –Built Sewer Systems –Built Schools –Built Roads –Built Orphanages –Helped Immigrants Get Jobs –Helped Immigrants Find Housing Negatives (- ’ s) –Gained Votes by Trading for Favors –Broke Rules to Win Elections –Stole $$$ –Accepted Bribes & Gave Bribes

29. Tammany Hall Most Notorious Political Machine of All Time! You Must Know William Marcy “ Boss ” Tweed Stole $$$ Millions of Dollars from NYC!

31. Tammany Hall

32. Jane Addams Also Fought For Women ’ s Rights as Workers (Equal Pay) Fought Against Child Labor Worked to Improve Housing Laws & Public Health Laws Was Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

33. Essential Questions Who is responsible for helping those who can ’ t help themselves?