2. Immigration 1865-1914 “America! The country where everyone could find work! Where wages were so high no one had to go hungry! Where all men were free and equal and where even the poor could own land! But now we were so near it seemed too much to believe.” -Rosa Cristoforo (1884)

3. Immigration Factors Scarce land Farm jobs lost to new machines Political and religious persecution Revolution Poverty and hard lives Promise of freedom and a better life Family or friends already settled in the United States Factory jobs available

4. Arrival in America Immigrant receiving stations Long wait Medical inspection Names changed

5. Old Immigrants Protestants from Northern and Western Europe Irish, English, Germans, Scandinavians Spoke English Little discrimination

6. New Immigrants Spoke different languages Celebrated special holidays Ate different foods Looked different Wore different clothes Faced discrimination (Nativists, Chinese Exclusion Act, American Protective Association)

7. Urbanization Gradual movement of people from farms to cities Immigrants settled in cities Factory jobs

8. Population Growth in Ten Cities CityPopulation in 1870 Population in 1900 New York1,478,1033,437,202 Chicago298,9771,698,575 Philadelphia674,0221,293,697 St. Louis351, 189575,238 Boston250, 526560,892 San Francisco149, 473342,782 New Orleans191, 418287,104 Denver4,759133,859 Los Angeles5,728102,479 Memphis40,226102,320

9. Immigrant Life in America Ethnic neighborhoods Tenements, cities Settlement houses Jane Addams & Hull House Religious organizations to help the poor Assimilation

10. Segregation & Discrimination Racist attitudes have been developing since the introduction of slavery in America Many whites felt they were superior to African Americans, Asians, Native Americans, and Latin Americans. Led to discrimination Jim Crow Laws Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) “separate but equal” NAACP formed to help end segregation

11. City Look Transformed Skyscrapers Public transportation (trolleys, subways) Open spaces (zoos, gardens, parks) Shopping areas remodeled into Department Stores (1902 R.H. Macy opened a 9-story building with 33 elevators in New York)

12. City Life Transformed Daily Newspaper Yellow journalism “less news more scandal” Vaudeville’s (variety shows) Ragtime Baseball Basketball Football

13. Baseball, Basketball, Football

14. Education Growth of schools Industry grew = needed an educated work force Typical school day 8:00 am-4:00 pm Learned “three R’s: reading, ‘riting, ‘rithmetic” Memorized and recited passages Emphasized discipline and obedience After 1870 towns building high schools-by 1900 6,000 Universities built Adult education New reading habits: dime novels, Harper’s Monthly, The Nation

15. New Writers and Artistic Style Realists showed the harsh side of life Used local color to make stories realistic Artists also painted realistic everyday scenes by capturing the local color and “gritty” side of modern life

16. THE END Immigrants… Welcome to America