PERIOD 3: REGIONAL & TRANS- REGIONAL INTERACTIONS Key Concept 3.1: Expansion & Intensification of Communication & Exchange Network

I. Improved transportation led to increasing and expanded trade A. Existing trade routes flourished & promoted growth of new trading cities What are some of those existing trade route? The Silk Roads (Routes) The Mediterranean Sea The Indian Ocean Basin Trans-Saharan

Silk Routes

Mediterranean Sea Indian Ocean Basin

New Trading Cities Emerge

State practices, trading organizations, and state-sponsored infrastructures ALL led to commercial growth. Minting of coins and the use of paper money Hanseatic League Grand-canal in China

Innovation was sparked by desire for luxury goods. Caravanserais Camel saddle Larger ships Compass & astrolabe Bills of exchange, credit, checking Creation of banking houses Creation of banking houses

Expansion of Empires encouraged trans- Eurasian trade Byzantine Empire Tang & Song --- MONGOLS! Islamic Caliphates Mongols

Byzantine Empire

Movement caused environmental & linguistic effects Spread of Bantu language Spread of Turkish & Arabic The maritime migrations of the Polynesian peoples who cultivated transplanted foods and domesticated animals as they moved to new islands

Cross-cultural exchange fostered or created networks of trade & communication Islam created merger of ideas & interaction Diasporic communities include: Muslims in IOB Jews throughout known world

Interregional travelers illustrate extent & limits of intercultural understanding

Diffusion of literary, artistic, & cultural traditions NeoConfucian & Buddhism spread through Southeast Asia NeoConfucian Islam in sub-Sahara Africa & Southeast Asia

Diffusion of scientific & technological traditions Greek & Indian mathematics on Muslim scholars Preservation of Greek science & philosophy by Muslims Spread of printing techniques & gunpowder into Islamic empires and Western Europegunpowder

Diffusion of crops & pathogens throughout Eastern Hemisphere followed trade routes New foods & agricultural techniques were adopted Trade & military conquest made the spread of the Black Death easier and more devastating What led to the spread of the Bubonic Plague (AKA: The Black Death)?Bubonic Plague

PERIOD 3: REGIONAL & TRANS- REGIONAL INTERACTIONS Key Concept 3.2: Continuity & Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions

I. Empires collapsed & reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged Key states which were reconstituted include: Byzantine Empire Justinian’s Code Theme system Caesaropapism Tang & Song Revival of Confucian ideals Patriarchy Tributary states

I. Empires collapsed & reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged New forms of government emerged: Islamic Caliphates Umayyad Abbasid Mongol Khanates Unified under Genghis Khan Horses, archery, ruthless, but… Cosmopolitan & extremely diverse Decentralized government created powerful city-states feudal systems in Western Europe & Japan

Some states synthesized & borrowed traditions Japanese “Kentoshi” ( 遣唐 使 / “envoy”) ship to Tang China, circa 630 C.E.

Interregional contacts & conflicts encouraged technological and cultural transfers Tang China & the Abbasids Battle of Talas (751 CE) Ends Tang advances Paper Making Across the Mongol Empires Math & Astronomy Geography & Cartography Spices & Cuisine Gunpowder The Crusades

PERIOD 3: REGIONAL & TRANS- REGIONAL INTERACTIONS Key Concept 3.3: Increased Economic Productive Capacity & Its Consequences

Innovations stimulated agricultural & industrial production Agricultural production was boosted by technology Horse collar, iron plows, & crop rotation Champa Rice Chinampa field system Cities faced decline & revival Invasions Disease Decline in agricultural production The Little Ice Age

Multiple factors led to the revival of cities End of invasions Safe & reliable transport Warmer temperatures between 800 & 1300 C.E. Increased agricultural production & rising population Increased availability of labor

Transitions to labor management & the effect of religious conversion on gender relations & family Labor organization Risk-taking and the Rise of the Middle Class Free peasants & wage economy Peasant revolts in Europe & China Coerced labor Mi’ta in Inca Empire Religion, Gender, & Family Conversion Patriarchy Family structure undergoes changes

That’s a lot of information! This is why you read. My overview should only clarify the concepts you’ve already explored. Exam will be at LEAST 35 questions Could be more Could be some from past exams