1. Period 3
The Big Picture

2. Regional and Transregional Interactions 600 C.E. to 1450
Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade, and expand3ed the geographical range of existing and newly active trade networks.
What are some examples of trade routes?
What are some new cities that popped up due to new trade?
Luxury goods, caravan organizations, compass, astrolabe, new forms of credit, etc.

3. Government and trade State practices
Trading organizations, and Grand Canal
Expansion of Empires

4. The expansion and intensification of long-distance trade routes often depended on environmental knowledge and technological adaptations to it.
Scandinavian Vikings
Arabs and Berbers (Spread Turkic and Arabic languages)
Central Asian pastoral groups
Migrations –
Bantu-speaking peoples who facilitated transmission of iron technologies and agricultural techniques in Sub-Saharan Africa (spread Swahili)
Maritime migrations of the Polynesian peoples who cultivated transplanted food and domesticated animals as they moved to new islands.
Some migrations and commercial contacts led to the diffus8ion of languages through a new region or the emergence of new languages.

5. Crops and Pathogens
Epidemic diseases followed the trade routes and military conquests
The Black Death
New foods and agricultural techniques were adopted in populated areas
Bananas in Africa
New rice varieties in East Asia
The spread of cotton, sugar, and citrus throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean basin

6. Continuity and Innovation of State forms and their interactions
Preserving and reviving imperial structures
New – The Caliphate
Empires collapsed (Rome) and were reconstituted or new states emerged from the ashes.
Byzantine Empire
Sui, Tang and Song
Innovations in state craft:
Taxation
Tributary systems
Adaptation of religious institutions
Power came from:
Patriarchy
Religion
Land-owning elites

7. New forms of governance Pt 1
Islamic states (Abbasids, Muslim Iberia, Delhi Sultanates)
Mongol Khanates
City-states
Italian peninsula
East Africa
Southeast Asia
Americas
Feudalism in Europe and Japan

8. New Forms of Governance Pt. 2
State systems expanded in scope and reach
Networks of city-states flourished in the Maya region
Imperial systems were created by the Mexica (Aztecs) and Inca.
Synthesized local and borrowed traditions
Persian traditions that influenced Islamic states
Chinese traditions that influenced states in Japan

9. Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged technological and cultural transfers
Quiz time! What was transferred between these groups?
Tang China and Abbasids
Mongol empires
The Crusades

10. Innovations stimulated agricultural and industrial production in many regions.
Foreign luxury goods = crops moved to other regions
Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains
Iron and steel from China
Agricultural technology
Champa rice
Chinampa field systems
Waru waru (Andean)
Terracing techniques
Horse collar

11. The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline, and with periods of increased urbanization buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks
Urban revival
End of invasions
Availability of safe and reliable transport
Rise of commerce and warmer temps ( )
More labor!
Declines of urban areas
Invasions
Disease
Agricultural productivity
Little Ice Age

12. Labor organizations Free peasant agriculture Nomadic pastoralism
Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversion on gender relations and family life.
Labor organizations
Free peasant agriculture
Nomadic pastoralism
Craft production and guild organization
Various forms of coerced and un-free labor
Government-imposed labor taxes
Military obligations

13. Changes in social structure
Class and caste still
Patriarchy persisted
Women get more rights (Mongols, West Africa, Japan, and Southeast Asia)
Mit’a of the Incas
Free peasant revolts
China
Byzantine Empire