1. Key Concept 3.3: Increased Economic Productive Capacity & Its Consequences
Period 3:

2. Innovations stimulated agricultural and industrial production in many regions

3. Ex: Champa Rice Location: China
Significance: New strain from Vietnam in (Song) that cut cultivation time from 180 to 90 days

4. Ex: Chinampas Location: America
Significance: Unique Meso-American “floating” gardens that were built in shallow lake beds. Provided 2/3 of all food to Tenochtitlan

5. Ex: Waru Waru Location: America
Significance: Alternating rows of crops and irrigation channels, limiting erosion and increasing rain water collection

6. Ex: Terracing Location: Earth (Found from Philippines to Peru)
Significance: Used to create arable land on mountainsides, avoiding erosion

7. Expansion of Industries
Increasing demand in Afro-Eurasia for foreign luxury goods- crops transported to equivalent climates
Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded production of textiles and porcelains for export
Industrial production of iron and steel expanded in China

8. The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline, and with periods of increased urbanization buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks

9. Decline of Post-Classical Cities
Invasions
Arabs, Mongols, Vikings, Huns, Turks, etc.
Disease
More Trade = More Disease (Bubonic, Small-Pox)
Decline in Agriculture
1 & 2 led to inability to maintain food base
“Little Ice Age”
Cooling period led to decline in population and food production

10. Which Cities Declined?
Rome
Athens
Alexandria
Chang’an
Pataliputra

11. Rise of Post-Classical Cities
End of Invasions
Classical invasions ended (others yet to come)
Safe Transportation
Re-emergence of large empires facilitated
Rise in Temperature
Warming period predated “Little Ice Age”
More Farms = More People
Food + Peace = Population Growth
More People = More Labor
More People = More Labor = More Production

12. Which Cities Rose?
Novgorod
Timbuktu
Baghdad
Huangzhou
Venice
Calicut

13. Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversion on gender relations and family life.

14. Forms of Labor Organization
Free peasant agriculture
Nomadic pastoralism
Craft production and guild organization
Various forms of coerced and unfree labor
Government-imposed labor taxes
Military obligations

15. Post-classical diffusion of religion led to significant changes in gender relations and family structure

16. Buddhism
Confucian ideals of patriarchy clashed with Buddhist spiritual equality with little lasting gender change
Foot binding did begin in this period in China

17. Christianity
Christian convents (like in Buddhism) provided women a way out of the cycle of marriage child/rearing and provided a path to literacy and learning

18. Islam
Islamic teachings of gender equality were overshadowed by Persian traditions of veiling, seclusion, and the harem

19. Neoconfucianism Women were subordinate to men
“Disorder is produced by women”
A woman ruler is a hen crowing”
Woman’s greatest duty is to produce a son”
Women are to be led and to follow others”