There are two kinds of articles: A. Indefinite Articles B. Definite Articles

A. INDEFINITE ARTICLES : a, an, and some, are used for Examples 1 a + singular noun with cont to make generalization a boy, a girl, a book , a user, a European 2 an + singular noun with vowel an apple, an umbrella, an assignment 3 some + plural count noun some students, some umbrellas 4 - some + non-count noun some fruit, some sugar, some rice 5 - before modified noun a new taxi, an unfinished task, a dirty ticket 6 - to indicate membership a professor, a trainer , a student

B. DEFINITE ARTICLES the is used before singular and plural nouns if the noun is specific. -- it is in the situation which thing or person we mean: the light, the floor, the door, the window, the bank, the post office, the police, the airport. Please close the window. ( the window near the speaker) The newspaper courier was late this morning. We got to the airport just in time for our flight.

Continued Rules Examples 1 2 3 It is used with non-countable nouns which are made more specific in a clause or phrase. The Indonesian he speaks is often heard in Jakarta. 2 It is used when a noun refers to something unique or special the white house the theory of Oedipus complex. 3 It is not used with non-countable nouns 1. Drug is forbidden object. 2. African has black color skin. 3. English is international language

Article THE is not used before: names of country (Indonesia, Singapore, Japan) except the Netherlands and the US - names of cities, town or states (Surabaya, Malang, Texas) - names of streets (A. Yani street, Pemuda street) - names of lake and bays ( Lake Toba, Lake Poso) except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes. - names of mountains ( Mount Merapi, Mount Krakatau) except with ranges of mountains like the Jayawijaya, the Andes - names of continents ( Europe, Australia) - names of islands (Easter Islands, Seribu Islands) except with island chains like the Canary Islands.

Article THE is used before: -- names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Mississippi, the Batanghari. - points on the globe: the Equator - geographical areas : the Middle East, the West, the ASEAN - deserts, forest, gulfs, and peninsulas; the Sahara, the Goby, both singular and plural count nouns and with non-count nouns: Thank you for the fruit. - nouns when you know or assume that your listener is familiar with and thinking about the same specific thing or person you are talking about: The sun is bright today;Please open the door; Wen is in the kitchen. - the second mention of an indefinite noun: She drove a car.She drove the car.

The uses of articles: A and AN are used if the noun can be counted. THE must be used when the noun cannot be counted. A or AN is used to introduce a noun when it is mentioned for the first time in a piece of writing. THE is used afterward each time you state the same noun. Always use an article for a singular count noun (a, an, the, that, this, or a possessive pronoun)

Article (the, a, an) is not used : names of languages and nationalities: Japanese, Indonesian, American. names of sports: badminton, soccer, hockey, cricket. names of academic subjects: history, calculus, English. terms in general.