Lower Leg Knee cap Femur Medial condyle of femur Lateral condyle of femur Medial condyle of tibia Lateral condyle of tibia Tibial tuberosity Fibula Tibia Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Talus (tarsal bone) Right Leg, Anterior View Click R Button for Slideshow

Lower Leg2 Knee cap Femur Medial condyle of femur Lateral condyle of femur Medial condyle of tibia Lateral condyle of tibia Tibial tuberosity Fibula Tibia Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Talus (tarsal bone) Right Leg, Anterior View

Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal Bones: Tiger Cubs Need M I L C Navicular A boat It sails on the Cs Talus Medial cuneiform (1) Intermediate cuneiform (2) Superior View of Foot Mnemomic is for tarsals only; does not include metatarsals or phalanges Push slide show button at bottom R Lateral cuneiform (3) Calcaneus Cuboid Click R Button for Slideshow

Foot Quiz A B C D E F G H J Right, Superior View Superior View of R Foot Right, Superior View Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth

Foot Quiz Answers H. Intermediate G. Medial Cuneiform (2) A. Phalanges B. Metatarsals C. Cuboid D. Calcaneus E. Talus F. Navicular G. Medial Cuneiform (1) H. Intermediate Cuneiform (2) J. Lateral Cuneiform (3) Superior View of Foot Foot Quiz Answers Right, Superior View

BONES OF THE ANKLE JOINT

Talocrural joint Composed of: Lateral Malleolus (Distal Portion of Fibula) Medial Malleolus (Distal portion of Tibia) Talus

Talocrural joint “cont.” JOINT MOTIONS: PLANTAR FLEXION DORSIFLEXION

Subtalar Joint BONES CALCANEUS TALUS

SUBTALAR JOINT (Cont.) JOINT MOTIONS INVERSION EVERSION

Distal Tib-Fib Joint No true motion Ligaments prevent the tibia and fibula from spreading apart.

LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE CONNECTS TIBIA AND FIBULA

LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES Deltoid ligament Medial aspect of ankle Prevents eversion Very strong rarely torn!

LIGAMENTS THREE LATERAL LIGAMENTS: ANTERIOR TALOFIBULAR POSTERIOR TALOFIBULAR CALCANEOFIBULAR PREVENT INVERSION

LIGAMENTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES Anterior and Posterior TIBIOFIBULAR ligaments BRIDGE THE TIBIA AND FIBULA

MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER LEG MUSCLES ON THE ANTERIOR SIDE DORSIFLEX EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS MUSCLE EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS MUSCLE TIBIALIS ANTERIOR MUSCLE

MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER LEG SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT PLANTARFLEX SOLEUS GASTROCNEMIUS

MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER LEG LATERAL COMPARTMENT EVERSION PERONEUS LONGUS PERONEUS BREVIS

MUSCLES OF ANKLE AND LOWER LEG DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT INVERSION TIBIALIS POSTERIOR MUSCLE FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

Muscles of the Foot, Ankle, Lower Leg

Gastrocnemius Origin Medial head medial femoral condyle; Lateral head lateral condyle Insertion the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle InnervationTibial nerve (S1, S2)

Soleus Origin fibular head, Insertion Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Plantaris Origin supracondylar line of distal femur Insertion Middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface, just medial to Achilles tendon Action Plantar flexor of ankle; also flexes knee Innervation Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Achilles Tendon

Tibialis Posterior Origin medial fibula, Insertion 2 superficial slip inserts on the tuberosity of the navicular bone; deeper slip plantar sufraces of metatarsals 2 - 4 and second cuneiform Action Principal invertor of foot Innervation Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin Posterior surface of tibia Insertion Splits into four slips these slips then insert on plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Action Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps inversion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve

Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe Action Flexes great toe, helps to invert ankle Innervation Tibial nerve

Tibialis Anterior Origin Lateral condyle of tibia, Insertion 1st cuneiform and on base of first metatarsal Action Dorsiflexor of ankle Innervation Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin Anterior fibula and the interosseous membrane Insertion Base and dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toe Action Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin head of fibula, Insertion Splits into 4 tendon slips each of which insert on middle and distal phalanges Action Extend toes 2 - 5 and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Peroneus Tertius Origin fibular shaft surface Insertion base of the fifth metatarsal Action evert the foot Innervation Deep peroneal nerve

Peroneus Brevis Origin Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surface; Insertion Base of 5th metatarsal base Action Everts foot Innervation Superficial peroneal nerve

Peroneus Longus Origin Head of fibula, Insertion 1st metatarsal base Action Everts foot Innervation Superficial peroneal nerve