Warm Up! Three types of matter are solids, liquids, and gas. We learned that these three types of matter can be identified by… a.Physical and chemical properties b.Density and color c.Testing to see if it effervesces d.Deciding if it is soluble

Warm Up! A cup filled to the rim with water was left out at room temperature overnight. The picture shows how much water was left the next morning. Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis for what happened to the water? a.The water molecules at the surface lost enough energy to evaporate. b.The water molecules at the surface gained enough energy to evaporate. c.The water molecules at the surface lost enough energy to condense. d.The water molecules at the surface gained enough energy to sublimate.

Chapter 9 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Hypothesis What is the difference between these three items? Give examples if you need to.

The BIG Picture Categorizing Matter Matter Described using physical and chemical properties Pure SubstanceMixture Elements Smallest particle is the atom Compounds Smallest particle is the Molecule Homogenous Heterogeneous Solutions Mixtures of two or more substances One type of atom throughout specimen. Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated. Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance.

Pure Substances Elements Smallest particle is the atom. Compounds Smallest particle is the Molecule. One type of atom throughout specimen. Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated physically. Two or more atoms combine to create a molecule of a new substance. or

Pure Substance - Elements 92 elements occur naturally and elements occur naturally and Many more have been created in a laboratory

Famous Elements Titanium is a hard, silvery-gray metallic element. Its symbol is Ti. It is the 9th most common element in the Earth’s crust.

Pure Substance - Compounds Every compound is a pair or group of atoms that are combined in a definite proportion. MILLIONS of compounds have been identified! Poisonous yellow - green gas Highly explosive when exposed to water! Table Salt Or Sodium Chloride Safe and necessary for life. plusequals

Common Household Compounds (1) water - H2O (2) sodium chloride (table salt) - NaCl (3) sucrose (table sugar) - C12H22O11 (4) sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) - NaHCO3 (5) calcium carbonate (chalk or marble) - CaCO3 (6) acetic acid (vinegar) - HC2H3O2 (8) ammonia (household ammonia) - NH3 (9) sodium hypochlorite (bleach) - NaClO (10) sodium hydroxide (drain cleaner) - NaOH (11) calcium hydroxide (lime) - Ca(OH)2 (12) sodium stearate (soap) - CH3(CH2)16COONa (13) glycerol (glycerin) - C3H5(OH)3 (14) hydrogen peroxide (antiseptic or bleach) - H2O2 (15) isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) - CH3COHCH3 (16) silicon dioxide (glass) - SiO2 (17) starch (flour) - (C6H10O5)n

The BIG Picture Categorizing Matter Matter Described using physical and chemical properties Pure SubstanceMixture Elements Smallest particle is the atom Compounds Smallest particle is the Molecule Homogenous Heterogeneous Solutions Mixtures of two or more substances One type of atom throughout specimen. Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated. Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance.

Mixtures ARE NOT PURE SUBSTANCES ! Substances in a mixture CAN be separated by physical means! Mixtures can be… Heterogeneous: In substances in the mixture are NOT evenly distributed. Or Homogenous: The substances in the mixture ARE evenly distributed.

Heterogeneous Mixtures NOT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED! Examples of Heterogeneous mixtures are…

What heterogeneous Mixtures can you think of?

Homogenous Mixtures ARE evenly distributed! Examples are…

More on a Homogenous Mixture If it appears to be the same throughout it is called a “solution” In a solution the component that is present in the largest amount is called the “solvent” The parts that are in the solution in lesser quantities are called “solutes”

What homogenous Mixtures can you think of?

Wrap Up Review Matter Described using physical and chemical properties Pure SubstanceMixture Elements Smallest particle is the atom Compounds Smallest particle is the Molecule Homogenous Heterogeneous Unevenly distributed Solutions Mixtures of two or more substances that are evenly distributed Largest component = solvent Smaller components = solutes One type of atom throughout specimen. Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated. Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance.

Separating Mixtures All Mixtures can be physically separated! Let’s Practice!