© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Key Issue 2 1. Define the following Language Family Language branches Official Language 2. What are the two largest language families in the world?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Go to User name- humangeo1234 Password- Cardinals Go to- My uploads Slideshow- Chapter 5: Key Issue 2

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Directions: With your partner, complete steps for EACH slide Step 1: Read slide out loud Step 2: Write down important notes Step 3: Discuss concept for 30 seconds Step 4: Create two questions ( one should be basic knowledge one should be higher level) For example: 1.What is a language branch? 2.How do you think language branches evolved?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is English Related to Other Languages? Distribution of Indo-European Branches –Four most widely spoken branches 1.Germanic branch –Spoken primarily in northwestern Europe and North America –Divides into High and Low Germanic subgroups »English is classified in the Low Germanic group 2.Indo-Iranian branch –Spoken primarily in South Asia –Most speakers of the language branch –Subdivided into eastern group (Indic) and western group (Iranian)

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Why Is English Related to Other Languages? Distribution of Indo-European Branches –Four most widely spoken branches 3.Balto-Slavic branch –Spoken primarily in Eastern Europe –Divided into… »East Slavic and Baltic Groups: most widely used language is Russian followed by Ukrainian and Belarusan. »West and South Slavic Groups: most spoken west Slavic language is Polish followed by Czech and Slovak, while the most widely spoken south language is Serbo-Croatian.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is English Related to Other Languages? Distribution of Indo-European Branches –Four most widely spoken branches 4.Romance branch –Spoken primarily in southwestern Europe and Latin America –Most widely used are Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Italian. »Regions where spoken languages tend to correspond to the political boundaries of Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy

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Why Is English Related to Other Languages? Origin and Diffusion English –Modern English has evolved primarily from the language spoken by three Germanic tribes invading the British Isles. 1.Angles- from southern Denmark 2.Jutes- from northern Denmark 3.Saxons- from northwestern Germany –Over time, others invaded England and their languages influenced the basic English. Vikings from present-day Norway Normans from present-day Normandy in France spoke French.

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Why Is English Related to Other Languages? –English diffuses across the world. English language migrated with the people of England when they established colonies over four centuries. –English is an official language in most former British colonies. Diffusion to North America –First successful colony was Jamestown, VA, in –Defeat of France by England secured English as the dominant language in North America. –United States responsible for diffusing English to several places—e.g., Philippines.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is English Related to Other Languages? Origin and Diffusion of Language Families –Indo-European It is theorized that Germanic, Romance, Balto- Slavic, and Indo-Iranian languages all stemmed from a common ancestral language. –Proto-Indo-European Linguists and anthropologists continue to debate when and where the Proto-Indo-European language originated and how it diffused. –Two Theories 1.Nomadic Warrior Hypothesis 2.Sedentary Farmer Hypothesis

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STOP

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Create a Timeline depicting the introduction of words into the English language. 1.Use the word bank to put words in the appropriate spaces Make sure each group of words are in the correct chronological order. 2. Then make an argument stating which invasion had the strongest influence on the English language. 3. Based on the words what kind of society do you think each had. Use your book CelticRomansNormansLatinAngles, Saxons and Jutes - Vikings London, Dover and Kent, & the rivers Thames & Wye win (wine), candel (candle), belt (belt) and weall (wall) crown, castle, court, parliament, army, mansion, gown, beauty, banquet, art, poet, romance, chess, colour, duke, servant, peasant, traitor and governor altar, mass, school, and monk, fork, spade, spider, tower, and rose earth, house, food, sing, night and sleep. anger, awkward, cake, die, egg, freckle, muggy, reindeer, silver, skirt and smile

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Invading P.O.B 1.Create a brand new word 2.You have one month to diffuse your word into P.O.B. 3.There is a mole at the school. They will be given a list you’re your words. If he/she hears a student use your word your group will get extra credit! The Celtics The Romans The Norman s The Latins The Anglo- Saxons The Vikings Create a name of a place and see if other students start using it. Create name of a product (remem ber the romans were merchan ts Create a word related to power (remem ber the Norman s were royal) Create a religious word (remem ber Latin groups brought Christian ity to western Europe). Create a name of an everyda y item (Remem ber that 1/3 of the Saxon languag e still exists in English) Create a word the is violent ( remember the Vikings were a very violent society)

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Exit Ticket: Create a Venn Diagram comparing Kurgan Hearth Theory and the Anatolian Hearth Theory © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.