CLASSIFICATION Finding Order in Diversity. TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms Assigning each organism a universally accepted name.

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Alan D. Morales, M.Ed., ATC/L

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Presentation transcript:

CLASSIFICATION Finding Order in Diversity

TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms Assigning each organism a universally accepted name

WHY CLASSIFY? 1.To name organisms 2.To group them in a logical way

WHY CLASSIFY? 3.Classification makes life easier. What are some ways we classify?

CLASSIFICATION Organisms are put into groups that have biological significance

SCIENTIFIC NAMES 1.Using common names is confusing because many organisms may have several different common names. 2.The cougar is also known as the mountain lion, puma or catamount…thus the need for a scientific name. Photo courtesy Texas Parks and Wildlife Department © 2004 Felis concolor

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Developed by Carolus Linnaeus –Swedish botanist Two-word naming system –First name: Genus –Second name: species

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE First name: Genus –first letter is capitalized –italics or underlined Ursus arctos Grizzly bear picture is reproduced with permission from WWF. © 2004 WWF- World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund). All Rights Reserved.

Second name: species –first letter is lower-case –Italics or underlined Ursus arctos BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Domain –largest and most inclusive Species –smallest and most specific

Three Domain System Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN EUKARYA DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN BACTERIA

CLASSIFICATION & RELATIONSHIPS The more taxonomic levels that two organisms share, the more closely related they are considered to be

What do the scientific names of the polar, grizzly and panda bears tell you about their similarity to each other? Ursus maritimusUrsus arctosAiluropoda melanoleuca Pictures reproduced with permission from WWF. © 2004 WWF- World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund). All Rights Reserved.

OrganismCatWolfFly Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Diptera Family FelidaeCanidaeMuscidae Genus FelisCanisMusca Species F. domesticusC. lupusM. domestica

1.What type of animal is Musca domestica? 2.From the table, which two animals are most closely related? 3. At what classification level does the evolutionary relationship between cats and wolves diverge (become different)? Animal; insect Cat and Wolf Family Level