1. CLASSIFICATION Chapter 14 Finding Order in Diversity

2. TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms & give each a name

3. WHY CLASSIFY? 1.To name organisms 2.To group them in a logical way

4. WHY CLASSIFY? 3.Classification makes life easier.

5. CLASSIFICATION Organisms are put into groups that have biological significance

6. SCIENTIFIC NAMES 1.Give Biologists a way to communicate 2.Many organisms may have several names. Ex: Cougar: mountain lion, puma or catamount. Photo courtesy Texas Parks and Wildlife Department © 2004 Felis concolor

7. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Developed by Carl Linnaeus –Swedish botanist Two-name naming system

8. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE First name: Genus –first letter is capitalized –italics or underlined –Share important characteristics Homo sapien Ursus arctos Grizzly bear picture is reproduced with permission from WWF. © 2004 WWF- World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund). All Rights Reserved. www.panda.org. www.panda.org.

9. Second name: species –first letter is lower-case –Italics or underlined –One particular kind of organism Homo sapien Ursus arctos BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

10. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

11. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Domain –largest & most inclusive Species –smallest & most specific

12. CLASSIFICATION & RELATIONSHIPS The more shared levels, the more related

13. What do the scientific names of the polar, grizzly & panda bears tell you about their similarity to each other? Ursus maritimusUrsus arctos Ailuropoda melanoleuca Pictures reproduced with permission from WWF. © 2004 WWF- World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund). All Rights Reserved. www.panda.org.www.panda.org.

14. OrganismCatWolfFly KingdomAnimalia PhylumChordata Arthropoda ClassMammalia Insecta OrderCarnivora Diptera FamilyFelidaeCanidaeMuscidae GenusFelisCanisMusca SpeciesF. domesticus C. lupusM. domestica

15. EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION Organisms are grouped into categories that represent relationships Phylogeny (Evolutionary Tree): Evolutionary relationships among organisms.

16. Not all features are inherited from a common ancestor Convergent evolution: Similarities evolve in organisms not closely related Due to living in similar habitats Ex: Wings of a bird and insect

17. CLADOGRAM A BC DE F Speciation: formation of two new species from one Clade or lineage TIMETIME

18. CLADOGRAM: Vertebrates Fur & Mammary Glands Jaws Lungs Claws or Nails Feathers Hagfish Fish Frog Lizard Pigeon Mouse Chimp Derived characteristic: Evolved in one group but not another

19. Matching:  Mammals  Animals with backbones  Insects  All animals A. B. C. D. C B D A