Ancient Egypt

Geography of the Nile River Valley

Israel Sahara Desert Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Nile River Giza Cairo

481 feet 755 feet Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid The last remaining “Ancient Wonder” Covers 13.6 acres of land Covers 13.6 acres of land Size: 481 feet high and 755 feet long on the base Size: 481 feet high and 755 feet long on the base Built around 2589 BC (3,800 years old) Built around 2589 BC (3,800 years old) It has enough stones to build a wall 10 feet high and one foot thick all around France The Great Pyramid can hold Westminster Palace and St.Peter’s Basilica in Rome The Great Pyramid can hold Westminster Palace and St.Peter’s Basilica in Rome Each stone weighs 2 ½ tons (5,000 pounds) 2 million stones were used to build the Great Pyramid totaling a 10 billion pound pyramid

Great Sphinx

200 feet long 65 feet tall Half-lion and half-human statue

- 13 stars above the eagle, 13 steps on the Pyramid, 13 letters in ANNUIT COEPTIS, 13 letters in E PLURIBUS UNUM, 13 bars on the shield, 13 leaves on the olive branch, 13 fruits, 13 arrows -The separated cap of the pyramid, portraying the all-seeing eye, symbolizes that the United States is still far from finished. -The pyramid is a symbol that represents strength and durability because of its ability to stand the test of time.

Egyptian society was based around the occupation of farming Papyrus- an early form of paper made from a reed found in the marshy area of the Nile Delta Egyptians were the first known civilization to create social classes Farmers were very important in the every day life for Egypt. They planted crops and built temples and buildings Women had as many rights as men! Vast knowledge on astronomy, mathematics, and medicine

Egyptian Writing Hieroglyphics-a type of writing system using symbols Hieroglyphics- a type of writing system using symbols Rosetta Stone- a black stone that was used to decode hieroglyphics in 1820 Hieroglyphics Demotic Greek

Egyptian Rulers

Mummification Process -Place the body in the tomb -Place the body in salt -Pull the brain out with a hook -Remove all vital organs except for the heart -Soak body in oil and coat with resin -Stuff the body with linen -Wrap the body in linen 1.Pull the brain out with a hook 2.Remove all vital organs except for the heart 3.Place the body in salt 4.Stuff the body with linen 5.Soak body in oil and coat with resin 6.Wrap the body in linen 7.Place the body in the tomb

Famous Egyptian Rulers King Tutankhamen (Tut)- Became ruler of Egypt as a child. At about age 18 he died and was buried with many precious objects King Tutankhamen (Tut)- Became ruler of Egypt as a child. At about age 18 he died and was buried with many precious objects. What makes King Tut so famous? FIRST and ONLY tomb ever discovered where the main chamber was untouched.FIRST and ONLY tomb ever discovered where the main chamber was untouched. Discovered in 1922 by American Howard CarterDiscovered in 1922 by American Howard Carter Many value Tut’s tomb at around $650 MILLION !!!Many value Tut’s tomb at around $650 MILLION !!! Hatshepsut-A rare female pharaoh who was a supreme ruler of Egypt for 15 years. Egypt experienced a time of great peace and economic success while under her rule. Hatshepsut’s Temple Golden Mask of King Tut

Egyptian Religion Gods and goddesses were central to the lives of Egyptians. They built temples to honor their gods, and offered them food, gifts, and prayers. Main gods: Ra (Re)- Sun god Amon-Re- chief god who protected the rich and the poor Osiris- god of the living and dead Isis- a goddess who protected children Horus- son of Osiris and Isis, he was the sky god

Famous Egyptian Rulers Recap Menes- First Pharaoh that united lower and upper Egypt Djoser- Built the first step pyramid Snefru- Built the first traditional pyramid- The Red Pyramid Khufu- Ordered the building of the Great Pyramid Hatshepsut- Female Pharaoh that brought peace and prosperity Thutmose III- Pharaoh when Egypt held its largest empire Amenhotep IV- Radical pharaoh that moved the capital city, proclaimed new gods, and drove Egypt into bankruptcy King Tut- A pharaoh that had the only tomb go untouched Seti- Built a magnificent underground tomb Cleopatra VII- Last pharaoh of Egypt