2. EGYPT “The Gift of the Nile” (Herodotus)
Look at the map and answer the following question:
What did Herodotus mean when he said that Egypt is the “gift of the Nile?”
Nile River
Sahara Desert
Because of the geography of the area, without the Nile River, there would be no Egypt.

3. Egyptians invented: Hieroglyphics Pyramids Geometry
Advances in medicine and surgery

4. Hieroglyphics Sacred Carving
Early Egyptian writing found on tombs was indecipherable.
Hieroglyphics
Sacred Carving
No one could read these sacred carvings until Napoleon invaded Egypt and his archaeologists found the Rosetta Stone.

5. Hieroglyphics
Demonic (ancient coptic)
Greek

6. Papyrus is one of the first examples of paper
Papyrus is one of the first examples of paper. It is created from reeds growing along the Nile River.
Papyrus

7. The Government of Egypt
Theocracy-is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler
The king is in charge of state issues and religious issues

8. In Egypt the king is called Pharaoh
He is also the leader of the religion and he is considered a GOD and is worshipped by the people

9. The Old Kingdom
Menes unites upper and lower Egypt around 3100 BC

10. The Old Kingdom
Khufu builds the Great Pyramid of Giza around 2540 BC

12. Old Kingdom
Another achievement of the Egyptians during the Old Kingdom was the construction of the Sphinx

13. The Middle Kingdom
Somewhere around 2180 BC the Old Kingdom collapses and the is 150 years of chaos
2055 BC the Middle Kingdom begins

14. The Middle Kingdom Expand Egypt's power into Africa
Established trade with Mesopotamia
Drained swamp land in the Nile Delta for farming
Dug a Canal connecting the Red Seas with the Nile River

15. The End of the Middle Kingdom
Around 1650 BC the Hyksos invaded Egypt
The Hyksos were militarily superior: War Chariots and Bronze Weapons

16. The End of the Middle Kingdom
Hyksos ruled Egypt for roughly 100 Years
1550 BC the Egyptians drove the Hyksos out creating the New Kingdom

17. The New Kingdom
Egypt expanded into part of Mesopotamia and most of North Eastern Africa
Hatshepsut became the first female pharaoh

18. The New Kingdom
1364 BC Amenhotep IV adopted a monotheistic religion and made Egypt worship the sun god Aten
The priest did not like this and upon his death his Tutankhamen converted Egypt back to its’ polytheistic religion

21. The New Kingdom
After Tutankamen’s death Egypt fell into disorder, civil war broke out and she lost much of her empire
Ramses II became pharaoh reestablished order
It is during Ramses II reign that the exodus of the Israelites took place

22. The End of the New Kingdom
In the late 1200’s BC a group known as the “Sea People” attack Egypt and forced her to retreat to her old borders
By 1070 BC Egypt totally collapsed and for the next 1000 years Egypt will be conquered and ruled by outside powers

23. Some Egyptian Gods Egyptian Gods: Amon - The creator god.
Anubis - God of mummification.
Isis - Mistress of Magic. Also the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus.
Osiris - God of farming and ruler of the underworld.
Horus - The sky god. Son of Osiris and Isis.
Set - God of disorder. An enemy of Horus.
Sobek - The crocodile god.
Ra - The sun god.