1. Ancient Egypt
The gift of the Nile

2. Nile River The Nile is surrounded by deserts.
But the land near the river is perfect for farming.
The Nile also was used for trading and for the Pharaoh to move his soldiers.

3. Pharaohs Pharaohs were the rulers of Egypt.
They were considered god-kings: they were part human part god.

4. Egyptian Buildings
Egyptians are famous for the pyramids they built as tombs for their pharaohs.
Egyptians also built many other famous things like the sphinx.

5. Writing and Paper
The Egyptian form of writing was called hieroglyphics and was based on symbols.
Hieroglyphic writing is like a picture puzzle.
Egyptians wrote on the world’s first paper, made from papyrus plant stems.

6. Egyptian Religion
The Egyptians were polytheistic (belief in many gods).
Ra, the sun god was the most important god.

7. Egyptian Beliefs about the Afterlife
Ancient Egyptians believed their pharaoh would continue living in the afterlife.
They wanted to preserve the pharaoh’s body for the afterlife.

8. Mummification is the process of preserving the body.
Mummies
Mummification is the process of preserving the body.
It takes about 70 days to complete the process.

9. Making a Mummy!
Take a dead body and remove all internal organs, except for the heart…save the organs in separate clay jars, called canopic jars. These will be put into the tomb with the mummy.

10. Making a Mummy!
Rub down the body with salt and leave for about 70 days
Then rub with oils and perfumes and wrap in linen bandages
Now place your mummy in a coffin and put it in a tomb!

11. Egyptian beliefs about death
Osiris was the Ruler of the Dead and lived in the Land of the Dead
He weighed your heart against a feather of Ma-at. If your heart was lighter, you were allowed to live in the Land of the Dead forever.

12. Anubis
Anubis was a jackal headed god and priests wore a mask of his head as they made the mummy. He is the god associated with mummification.

13. Upper and Lower Egypt Egypt was once two separate kingdoms.
Lower Egypt was in the north, upper Egypt was in the south.
King Menes unified the two kingdoms, which made Egypt more powerful.