 Why are plants important?

 1.Leaves- produce food used by plant & stored for later use by plant or animal

 Vary in shape & size  Identify plant  Arrangement differs  Some alternate  Some opposite  Some whorled

 Petiole- leaf stalk  Blade- flat part of the leaf

 Veins- structural framework  Different margins- assist in plant ID

 Specialized cells that perform important functions  Skin of leaf- epidermis  Single layer of cells to protect leaf from loss of moisture

 Guard cells- open & close pores (stoma) to allow leaf to breathe & transpire & exchange gases

 2. Stems- 2 functions  Movement of materials  Support of leaves and reproductive structures

 Lenticels (breathing pores) on outside  Bud scale scars  Where a terminal bud located.  Distance between equals 1 yr of growth

 Leaf Scars  Where leaves were attached

 Water & mineral travel up xylem  Manufactured food travels down phloem

 Dicots- xylem & phloem form 2 layers separated by cambium (produces cells)  Cambium builds new phloem cells on outside & new cells inside (grows)  EX: Trees

 Dicot  Sapwood- new active xylem  Heartwood- old, inactive phloem

 Monocots- vascular bundles contain xylem & phloem  No cambium  All cells formed at initial stage of stem growth & enlarge  Limited in size

 3. roots  anchor the plant and hold it upright  Absorb water and minerals from the soil and conduct them to the stem

 Roots

 Stem  Older roots of shrubs have phloem outside, cambium layer & xylem inside

 Very different from stem  Roots have root cap- many hairs behind.  Side roots of increasing size form as root grows older

 Root cap produces a continuous supply of new cells that rub off to lubricate a path & protect cap through soil

 Root hairs absorb moisture & minerals conducted to the larger roots & stem of plant

 4. Flowers

 10 minutes  Compare & contrast the difference between fibrous root systems and tap root systems.

 Obtain a piece of a plant  Observe the 3 parts we just learned about and label what you can see.  I will come around and check  30 minutes.

 What are the 4 main parts of a plant?

 What are the parts of the flower?

 Beauty of flower- attract insects that pollinate to begin fruit and seed formation.  Fruit and seeds- collected, eaten, and spread.  continued existence of the plant itself.

 Sepals- green leaf-like parts of the flower that cover and protect the flower. Form the calyx after the flower is open.

 Petals- actually leaves. Colors attract insects for pollination.

 Stamens- Male reproductive part of the flower.  Filament- short stalk  Anther- saclike structure, contains pollen, the male sex cell.

 Pistil- Produces the female sex cells- the eggs. If fertilized, these eggs become seeds.

 Pistil 3 parts- Stigma- sticky top to catch pollen Style- tube that leads to the third part Ovary- egg that becomes a fruit or seed coat.

 Pistil

AHS Agriculture

 What are the parts of a flower?

 How do the plant processes work?

 Evaporation of water through plant leaves & stems  When water not available, slows down or stops

 Drought- stomata close & photosynthesis slows/stops  No water/carbon dioxide  Necessary for plant survival  Cools plant

 Maintains flow of nutrients & food from root to top  Guttation- when soil too moist, plants force water from leaf vein tips to reduce pressure

 Process by which carbon dioxide & water converted to sugar & oxygen in the presence of light  Choloroplasts- food making cells in plant

 Chlorophyll- gives green color  Plants beginning of food chain  Oxygen used by animals & all forms of oxidation

 Food manufactured in leaves  Moves toward stem to roorts  Used or stored in form of starch, protein or sugar

 Carbon dioxide enters through stoma  Good growing conditions maximize photosynthesis

 Consume oxygen & give off carbon dioxide  Adequate supply of oxygen needed to all parts of plant  Produce more oxygen in photosynthesis then use- released

 Study for test.