1. Plant Structures and their Functions
Objective: I will relate the following structures of the living organism to their functions:
Plants:
Basic parts of a plant
1. transpiration
2. absorption
3. response to stimulus

2. Importance of plants Without plants life on earth would not exist.
Primary source of food for people and animals.
Produces oxygen

3. Importance of Plants: Renews the air. Slows wind speed.
Provides homes for wildlife.
Beautifies our surroundings.

4. Importance of Plants: Helps keep us cool. Adds fragrance to the air.
Furnishes building materials and fuel.

5. Parts of a plant
Four basic parts
leaves
stems
roots
flowers

6. Leaves

7. Leaves The food factory of the plant.
produces the food used by the plant or stored for later use.

8. Shape and Size of Leaves
Varies among plants.
Used for identification of plants.

10. Leaf Arrangement alternate opposite whorled
arranged in a circle around the stem.

12. External Leaf Structure
Petiole - leaf stalk
Leaf Blade (leaf)
has veins
forms structural framework of the leaf.
Midrib
large center vein from which all other leaf veins extend.

14. Margins
Edges of the leaves
Assists in the identification of plants.

16. Internal Leaf Structure
Epidermis
skin of the leaf
single layer of cells
protects the leaf from losing too much moisture.

18. Stoma or Stomata (Stomate or Stomates)
Allows the plant to breathe and transpire.
give off moisture

20. Chloroplasts
contain chlorophyll
located inside the food making cells

22. Photosynthesis
Process by which CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water) in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen.

24. Food
Manufactured in the leaves and moves downward through the stem to the roots.
Used by the plant to grow.
Stored in the stem, root, and leaf in the form of sugar, starch or protein.

25. Respiration Plants respire (breathe) 24 hours a day
Consume CO2 (carbon dioxide) and give off O2 (oxygen gas)

26. Stems

27. Stems Have two main functions; Movement of water and
minerals from the roots
upward.
Movement of manufactured food downward.

28. Stem functions Supports the leaves used for food storage.
Green stems manufacture food just as leaves do.
A reproductive structure for plants that involve cuttings.

29. Internal Stem Structure
phloem- bark, carries manufactured foods down.
xylem- wood, carries water and minerals up.
cambium- separates the 2 and produces all new cells.

30. Roots

31. Roots Usually underground Functions of the root:
Anchors plant and holds upright.
Absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
Stores food for later use.

32. Root Structure Internal part of the root; similar to stems
older roots have xylem, phloem, and cambium.

33. Root Structure External part of the root; Root Cap/Tap Root
Protects the root when pushing through the soil due to growth.
Small roots and root hairs
absorb moisture and minerals

35. Functions other than water and mineral absorption
Cash crops for food
carrots
beets
radishes
sweet potatoes
Propagation

37. Type of root systems fibrous-grasses easier transplanting
shorter, smaller, more compact
tap root-carrot
longer and fewer roots

39. Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
Pollination
Color of flower attracts insects to help fertilize the flower.
Beginning of the fruit and seed formation
Fruits and seeds are attractive to birds who eat and spread seeds.
Some seeds are carried on animal coats.
Reproduces new plants

40. Parts of the Flower
Differ in size, shape, color, and some basic parts.
Sepal
green leaf-like part, covers and protects the bud before opening

41. Parts of the Flower Petals are actually leaves
usually bright colors to attract pollinating insects

42. Parts of the Flower Stamens male part of a flower has two parts
filament
stalk

43. Parts of the Flower Anther
sac-like structure on top of the filament that contains pollen

44. Parts of the Flower Carpel/Pistil female part center of the flower
three parts
Stigma - top and is sticky
Style - tube leading from stigma to the ovary
Ovary
egg cells develop here
grows to become fruit or seed coat

45. Types of Flowers complete contains 4 main parts incomplete
does not have all 4 main parts
perfect
has stamens and pistils
imperfect
lacks stamens or pistils

47. Information and Study guide for “Functions and Structures of a Plant” assessment.

48. Functions of a Leaf
Produces the food used by the plant or stored for later use.
Identification of a plant uses the different shapes, size, and margins.
Arrangement

50. Functions of a Stem Two main functions
Movement of water and minerals from the roots upward.
Movement of manufactured food downward.

52. Functions of a Root Anchors the plant and holds it upright.
Asorbs water and minerals from the soil.
Stores food for later use.

54. Functions of a Flower
Pollination must occur in order for a plant to reproduce into a new plant, fruit, or vegetable.

56. Plant Functions and Structures Assessment Study Guide
True/False and Multiple Choice Question topics
Function and Structure information and Text Feature
Importance of Plants
Photosynthesis
Pollination
Identification of Leaves
Size, shape, margins, and arrangement.
Internal stem Structure
Root System
Fibrous and Tap
Basic information of a Leaf and a labeled text feature.
Basic information of a Stm and a labeled text feature.
Basic information of a Root and a labeled text feature.
Basic information of a Flower and a labeled text feature.