 He reduced the amount of taxes paid by the American people  Severely cut the size of the federal bureaucracy  Jefferson also slashed the size of the army from 12,000 to only 3,000  Goal was to limit the national government’s presence in people’s lives

 His program made him very popular during his first term. In 1804, he easily won the reelection

 Jefferson’s greatest rivals were his ambitious Vice President, Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton  In 1804 Burr killed Hamilton in a duel  With one shot Burr removed the leader of the Federalists and wrecked his own political future

 Jefferson’s relation with the judicial branch was the most controversial of his first term  Mostly the Supreme Court  Jefferson was very strict when it came to the Constitution  Neither the organization or role of the branch was fully explained in the Constitution  1789 Judiciary Act filled in the details that were missing  This Act established a national court system with 3 circuit courts and 13 district courts

 In 1801 Congress passed another Judiciary Act  Decreased the number of Supreme Court justices and increased the number of federal judges Members leaving Congress along with President Adams, were trying to limit Jefferson’s opportunity to appoint judges to the Supreme Court Also left behind a powerful group of Federalist judges whose terms were for life  These “midnight judges” angered Jefferson  Thought he had the right to appoint judges from his own party

 Federalist leader  Serving as Secretary of State when he was appointed Chief Justice  Held this position for 34 years  While on the Supreme Court he helped establish many important principles of constitutional law  Also helped build the prestige and authority of the court

 1803  President Jefferson tried to block activities of Federalist judges  Before he left office Adams appointed William Marbury justice of the peace for D.C.  Secretary of the State James Madison never delivered the official papers (under the order of Jefferson)  Marbury sued Madison ordering the SC to let him take his office  Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed them to give such an order

 John Marshall reviewed against Marbury declaring it unconstitutional  Marshall declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional  This was a victory for the Jefferson administration  This established the power of judicial review  This enables federal courts to review state laws and state court decisions to determine if they are keeping with the federal Constitution  Also allows federal courts to decide whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional

 War in the Old Northwest  General Wayne led the Legion of the United States to victory over the Native Americans at the Battle of the Fallen Timbers  The Native Americans were forced to accept the Treaty of Greenville  They lost the southern two-thirds of Ohio  Had to accept the Ohio River was no longer a boundary

 Four broad strategies:  Accepting white culture, blending Indian and American cultures, returning to Indian religious traditions, and taking military actions

 Some Native Americans followed Little Turtle (a military leader) and adopted some of the Americans’ customs  Many just tried to adopt the customs and live peacefully along side of the white settlers

 Handsome Lake (part of the Seneca) followed a different course  He was previously confined to a reservation  He urged Native Americans to abandon war and focus on traditional Indian rituals  But would also adopt American notions about land, agriculture, and family life

 “the Prophet” called for a return to traditional Native American ways and total rejection of European values  Opposed assimilation  He established an increasingly warlike attitude toward the United states

 Chief Tecumseh fought against the United States in the 1780s and 90s  He believed that Indians’ only hope of resisting American expansion was to unite  Battle of Tippecanoe between Tenskwatawa and Governor Harrison  Lasted two hours  Neither side won  Shattered Native American spirit