Science, Technology, and Society Mr. CANOVA Period 11 ENERGY RESOURCES Science, Technology, and Society Mr. CANOVA Period 11

Our Planet’s Energy Resources Energy- The ability to do work or cause a change Potential Energy- Stored Energy Ex: Chemical, Nuclear, Gravitational, Mechanical Kinetic Energy- Energy in Motion Ex: Electric, Radiant, Thermal, Mechanical Law of Conservation of Energy- Energy can be converted from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed

ENERGY CONVERSIONS Identify the initial and final forms of energy Potential- Motion, chemical, nuclear, gravitational Kinetic- Motion, electrical, radiant, thermal Example 1: Ice Cream to Bicycling Example 2: Sunlight to Photosynthesis Example 3: Gasoline to School Bus

Energy Resources

Sources of Energy: Renewable vs Nonrenewable energy Biomass Hydropower Geothermal Wind Solar Nonrenewable: Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Nuclear Transuranium elements

Fossil Fuels Petroleum (Crude oil)- A liquid fuel made from the remains of dead sea organisms Hydrocarbons- The major components of petroleum. These compounds contain a tremendous amount of energy and can be easily manipulated to form many products.

Petroleum Products FUELS: Fractional Distillation- Separating a liquid mixture by different boiling points FUELS: METHANE PETROLEUM GASOLINE KEROSENE DIESEL JET FUEL HEATING OIL.

Other Petroleum Products: Fertilizers Pesticides Solvents Fabrics Construction materials Household Chemicals

How Much Petroleum Remains? At this pace, we have almost 37 years of oil remaining

Other Fossil Fuels Coal- Prehistoric plants buried in swamps transformed by heat and pressure deep within the Earth. It is used most commonly in power plants. 4 types: Lignite (From Peat) Subbituminous Bituminous Anthracite Natural Gas- Composed primarily of methane (CH4) A waste product created when petroleum is formed. It is typically a very clean burning fuel used in homes for heating and cooking.

The Source of All Energy On Earth The Sun- Our star which uses nuclear energy to produce thermal and radiant energy. Gives energy for photosynthesis by plants and algae. Autotrophs provide energy at the base of all food webs. Over millions of years, chemical energy in living organisms form fossil fuels.

Creating Electricity Fossil Fuels are burned to create steam which is forced through pipes to turn turbines. The turbines turn the wires within a generator creating electric current. The current comes to your homes through lines on towers and into wall sockets.

The Problems with Fossil Fuels Sulfuric and Nitrogen Compounds which cause acid precipitation. This harms plants, animals, humans,and destroys buildings and monuments. Carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas. These gasses trap solar energy, increasing the average global temperature.

The Problem with Nuclear Energy Nuclear- supply more electricity than oil, natural gas, and hydropower. But there are major risks involved including nuclear safety, nuclear waste, and nuclear weapons.

Alternative Sources of Energy All are viable sources of energy but there are problems: 1) Costs Technology, Infrastructure, training, 2) Consumer Confidence Not the norm, What it is? Why isn’t everyone using it? 3) Unforeseen circumstances Natural disasters or changes 4) Lack of Reliability Enough wind, sunlight, water in certain areas of the world 5) Cultures Not used now, why begin or we have enough of other sources

WHAT DIRECTION DO YOU THINK WE’RE HEADING IN? Keep this in mind as we take a look at some of the energy sources that we rely in the upcoming days.