Biotechnology BA10E30C&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Biotechnology is the use of organisms or their products to improve human health and food production.

Forensics *Forensics uses scientific techniques to collect DNA evidence for the legal system. *DNA Fingerprinting is the identification of a person using his DNA. *It is 99% accurate! *It is performed by cutting DNA with enzymes and separating the fragments. *Electrophoresis uses electrical charges to separate DNA.

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE *Recombinant DNA technology uses the natural process of transcription and translation to alter organisms. *The fragment of DNA that contains the desired gene is cut and inserted into the genome of a microscopic biological agent like a bacteria or virus. *The bacteria or virus now contains recombinant DNA. *The vaccine for hepatitis B, human insulin, growth hormone, and clot-dissolving medicine have all been created in this manner.

*Gene therapy- is used to help cure diseases. (replaces bad genes with good ones)

*Stem Cells- cells found in the human body that have yet to become a specialized type of cell. *They have the amazing ability to become any type of cell. *They may come from: -adult bone marrow -umbilical cord blood -human embryos

17 Cloning Clone- a member of a group of genetically identical cells May be produced by asexual reproduction (mitosis)

18 Cloning organisms A body cell from one organism and an egg cell from another are fused The resulting cell divides like a normal embryo C ould allow a childless couple to have a child, create tissues, or cure diseases.

21 Human Genome Project Started in 1990 Research effort to sequence all of our DNA (46 chromosomes) Over 3.3 billion nucleotides Mapping every gene location (loci) Conducted by scientists around the world

23 Benefits of Human Genome Project Improvements in medical prevention of disease, gene therapies, diagnosis techniques … Production of useful protein products for use in medicine, agriculture, bioremediation and pharmaceutical industries. Improved bioinformatics – using computers to help in DNA sequencing …

Biotechnology in Agriculture *Recombinant DNA technology has greatly improved crops. (better quality and more bountiful products) *Plants now resist many herbicides, insects, and even frost. *Rice has now been genetically engineered to overcome Vitamin A and iron deficiency.

27 Herbicide Resistant Crops Soybeans: Roundup Ready Corn: Roundup Ready, Liberty Link Cotton: BXN, Roundup Ready Canola: Liberty Link, Roundup Ready + CP4 EPSPS = Roundup gene Ready

28 Biotechnology Breakthroughs Insulin (1982) First commercial biotech product Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin Rice Enriched with beta-carotene and iron Bananas Containing edible hepatitis vaccine

29 Biotechnology Breakthroughs Potatoes with higher solid content Garlic that lowers cholesterol Fruits and vegetables that reducerisks of cancer and heart disease

30 Environmental Benefits Reduced pesticide use Lower energy requirements Cleaner water Less soil erosion

1) Forensics and DNA Fingerprinting 2) Medicine 3) Stem Cell Research 4) Cloning 5) Agriculture