The American Civil War Vs.

Causes of the Civil War Regional differences b/w the largely industrial North and the agrarian South grow stronger (ex. Where Railroads should be built and the Protectionist tariff that favored the North) Slavery The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act Abraham Lincoln elected president Lower South secedes and creates the Confederate States of America –Believed they had to leave the Union in order to protect their property and their way of life The Confederacy attacks Fort Sumter

Advantages and Disadvantages of the North and South North’s Advantages South’s Advantages

Union leader – President Abraham Lincoln 16 th President ( ) Born: Feb. 12, 1809 Died: April 15, 1865 (four days after the war ended)  Party: Republican Wife: Mary Lincoln Children: Robert, Edward, William, and Thomas (Tad) Condemned slavery and affirmed the idea of African Americans’ natural rights War would be fought to ‘preserve the Union’ Suspension of Habeas Corpus

Confederacy Leader – President Jefferson Davis Born: June 3, 1808 Died: 1889 Born in Kentucky, went to school at the U.S. Military Academy Later in life became a Planter living in Mississippi Served as U.S. Senator, Secretary of War, and President of the Confederacy. Served as a P.O.W. for two years, U.S. dropped its case against him in 1868.

Timeline of the Civil War

April 12-13, 1861 Fort Sumter Confederate General P.G.T Beauregard opens fire on Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson surrenders. The fort was a federal fort in the South and the Confederacy did not want northerners in the south! Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort so the south attacked. Both sides thought the war would be quick!!

July 1861 Union army marches on Southern capital, Richmond, Virginia. Routed by Confederate forces at Bull Run, it is forced to retreat to Washington. Union: Gen. McDowell Conf.: Gen. Johnston and “Stonewall” Jackson –Earned nickname by leading his troops into battle and standing like a “Stone wall” **Opened northern eyes to the immensity of the task of the war.

February 1862 Union forces under Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant capture key Southern strongholds of Fort Henry and Donelson in Tennessee.

April 1862 Battle of Shiloh Confederate army counter- attacks Grant at Shiloh, but he holds his ground and Southern forces retreat to Mississippi Resulted in 25,000 Union and Confederate casualties Union navy seizes New Orleans

July 1862 Gen. George McClellan leads Union advance on Richmond, but is blocked by Con. Forces under Gen. Robert E. Lee during the “Seven Days’ Battles.” Lee was a former US Army General Robert E. Lee

August 1862 Lee defeats Union army at Second Battle of Bull Run, and drives Northern force out of Virginia, and proceeds to invade Maryland.

September 1862 Battle of Antietam (Md) McClellan blocks Lee’s advance at Battle of Antietam Creek, Maryland, where 24,000 men die. This is the “Bloodiest Single Day” of the war. Lee retreats to Virginia. Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation a few days later. –Said “African Americans in rebellious states were free” Did not apply to border states…why not? –Now Blacks began to enlist whereas prior to Proclamation, African Americans who were captured by Union forces were often treated as Contraband –Did not issue this statement for almost two years because he sought to retain the loyalty of the border states –What was real purpose of Emancipation Proclamation?

April-May 1863 Union forces attack Lee in Virginia but are defeated at Chancellorsville and retreat. Lee invades the north once more in Pennsylvania.

July 1-3, 1863 GETTYSBURG! Lee’s forces run into Union army at Gettysburg, Penn. The ensuing battle results in over 50,000 casualties. Lee’s army retreats south. Invasion of the North is stopped!!! Many historians believe this is the beginning of the end for the south.

July 4, 1863 After a two-month siege, Grant finally takes Vicksburg, Mississippi, bringing most of the region under Northern control. This is another nail in the coffin of the South. –Confederacy is essentially cut in half.

November 1863 Gettysburg Address On Nov. 19, Lincoln was asked to deliver just a few appropriate remarks to dedicate a military cemetery at Gettysburg. “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” Re-emphasized the idea of “preserving the union” “government by the people, for the people, shall not perish”

November 1863 Following the Battle of Chattanooga, Grant drives Lee out of Tennessee. The Union army is now led by General William T. Sherman and he takes Knoxville.

June 1864 The tide has officially shifted and the North is almost in total control of the war. After a costly southward advance, Grant traps Lee’s forces at Petersburg, outside of Richmond, Virginia. The ensuing siege lasts for ten months.

Election of 1864 Lincoln is first president re-elected since Andrew Jackson Lincoln did not expect to win –Union had won few major battles –Huge # of deaths blamed on Lincoln –Many in north opposed Emancipation Proclamation and the inclusion of black soldiers in US Army

Election of 1864 Lincoln picks new running mate (Andrew Johnson—a Southern Democrat) –To show unity (Republicans even changed name of party to National Union Party) Democrats chose George McClellan What changed to get Lincoln re-elected? 2 nd Inaugural Address Again stresses “unity”

September-December 1864 Sherman captures Atlanta. He cuts a swath of destruction through Georgia and then captures Savannah. –Purpose was to destroy supplies, cut RR lines, and demoralize the civlian population. This becomes known as, “The March to the Sea.” On Christmas Day of 1864, Sherman orders his men to save Savannah from burning; he gives it to Lincoln as a present! Atlanta Cyclorama- The Civil War, Battle of Atlanta

April 1865 Grant takes Richmond on April 3 and Lee surrenders six days later at the Appomattox Court House. April 9 th, 1865 is the official end to the war between the states.

April 1865 Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. on April 14 th. He died the next day. Booth yelled, “Sic semper tyrannis” in English means, “Thus be it ever to tyrants.” Booth broke his leg jumping from the balcony, and he died several days later after being burned in the barn he was hiding in.

Lincoln’s Death

The Human Costs of the Civil War

The Costs of the Civil War Economic Costs  Federal loans and taxes to finance the war totaled $2.6 billion.  Federal debt rose to $2.7 billion.  Confederate debt ran over $700 million.  Union inflation reached 182% in 1864 and 179% in  Confederate inflation rose to 9,000% by the end of the war.