EQ: How do governments change? Chapter 11, Lesson 2 Rome as a Republic EQ: How do governments change? Chapter 11, Lesson 2

Vocabulary: Chapter 11, Lesson 2 Patrician Plebeian Consul Veto Praetors Tribune Dictator Civic duty

Social Classes Two main social classes in ancient Rome: Patricians—the ruling class Plebeians—the ordinary citizens (shopkeepers, artisans, small farmers) Both were citizens of Rome, thus had the right to vote. But could not marry one another.

Government of the Republic Two Consuls (head of gov.) Head of the Military Head of Government Both served for one year—both can veto (reject) each others decisions. Praetors (major gov. officials)— interpret the law and served as judged in courts, and could lead armies.

Rome’s Legislative Body Senate (300 male citizens—served for life) Made laws Advised counsels Planned buildings (temples, roads, etc.) Assembly of Centuries Elected consuls Both are controlled by patricians

Conflict Between Classes Plebeians were upset because they have no power in government By 494 BC, many went on strike and even formed their own gov. Patricians fearing the collapse of the Republic Agreed to share power with Plebeians Council of Plebs Elected officials called tribunes—elected officials who protected the rights of ordinary citizens Veto gov. decisions By 287 BC, was able to pass laws, marriage between plebeians and patricians was possible All male citizens were now consider equal Women had little political rights Rome was still not democratic, but more representative.

Activity Read pg. 313-314 Complete the Critical Thinking Exercise. Questions #1-6

Dictators Dictators in Rome were elected by the Senate when there was an emergency. Cincinnatus Dictator that was elected when Rome was attacked in 460 BC. He gathered an army and helped Rome. He did his civic duty by serving his government when he was needed.

Twelve Tables First code of laws was written in 451 BC in Rome  Twelve Tables Plebeians thought the judges always agreed with the rich citizens All citizens should be treated equally All future laws were based on the Twelve Tables Roman legal system assumed that the law should treat everyone equally “rule of law” The “rule of law” is the basis of the US legal system today.

Punic Wars Rome vs. Cartage Carthage—a powerful trading empire in Northern Africa There are three Punic Wars Rome will defeat Carthage and will rule the Mediterranean Region. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-7RwmL4Cjg

Include a 5-6 sentence summary. Drawing Read pg. 316-319. Briefly explain the main events of the first, second, and third Punic wars. Include a 5-6 sentence summary. Then include an illustration that would allow you to remember the events that occurred during the war.