1. Friday, March 20 Bellwork –Turn in Need to Know China 1 Classwork –11.2 The Roman Republic and the American government –11.2 OneSheet –Foldable Homework –None

2. Rome as a Republic Chapter 11.2

3. Tennessee Social Studies 6.59 On a historical map, identify ancient Rome and trace the extent of the Roman Empire to 500 AD 6.62 Describe the government of the Roman Republic and its contribution to the development of democratic principles, including but not limited to rule of law

4. 11. 2 Vocab Discuss the following phrases. If you do not know them, make predictions. 1.Government of the Republic 2.Conflict between the Classes 3.Cincinnatus 4.Rome’s System of Law 5.First, Second, and Third Punic Wars 6.Hannibal

5. Roman Social Classes PatriciansPlebeians Ruling class Wealthy landowners Farmers, artisans, and merchants Often lacked rights Could not hold public office Both were citizens, could vote, had to pay taxes and serve in the army Could not intermarry.

6. Government of the Republic A. Roman Republic was organized into 3 branches: 1. Made laws 2. Ran daily affairs of government 3. Judges B. Checks and balances – prevented one branch from becoming too strong (no separation of powers like the US has today though)

7. C.2 Patrician Consuls 1 - headed the government 2- served as army leaders 3- Consul could serve 1 year 4- Could veto each other D. Praetors 1- interpreted the law 2- served as judges 3- led army Veto = Latin for “I forbid.”

8. E. Senate was the legislature –Group of 300 men –Served for life –Advised the consuls F. Assembly of Centuries elected consuls and praetors

9. Sum it up

10. Conflict Between Classes Plebeians became frustrated because they no power in government. –494 BC plebs went on strike, refused to fight in army, and left Rome –Patricians knew they could not survive without the plebs. –Let the plebs have representation – The Council of the Plebs –Plebs elected officials called tribunes

11. More power for the Plebs Tribunes could veto Plebs were allowed to become consuls Plebs could even marry patricians 287 BC Council of Plebs could pass laws

12. Sum it up

13. Cincinnatus and Civic Duty Romans created the office of dictator –The dictator would rule during crisis and then regular power would resume –Cincinnatus had been a consul. –458 BC the Senate appointed him as dictator to handle the threat of an enemy army. –For 2 weeks Cincinnatus led the army, defeated the enemy, and then went back to farming.

14. Civic Duty Civic duty = idea that citizens have a responsibility to help their country. –George Washington was inspired by Cincinnatus.

15. Sum it up

16. Rome’s System of Law Rome’s laws were not written down in the beginning Plebeians wanted the laws written down for all to see. 451 BC - Twelve Tables –Carved on bronze tablets and placed in the Forum = Rome’s marketplace –The Foundation for Roman Laws= all free citizens (patricians and plebeians) had the right to be treated equally

18. Law of Nations As the Romans conquered more people, laws expanded –Laws apply to noncitizens –Laws and rights to all conquered people

19. Roman Justice Roman law influenced many other civilizations including the United States –Assume a person is innocent until proven guilty –Rule of law – everyone treated the same, guiding principle of our legal system too

20. Sum it up

21. The Punic Wars Carthage, located along the north African coast, became powerful through trade. Originally been a Phoenician trading colony Became Rome’s bitter enemy 264 BC a series of war between the two began that would last over a century

23. First Punic War Carthage had colonies on the island of Sicily. Rome decided it wanted the island for itself. Carthage had a strong navy. Rome quickly built a navy of its own. - improved the ships by adding moveable bridge allowing them to board Carthage’s ships After more than 2 decades of fighting, Rome defeated Carthage and took control of Sicily

24. Second Punic War Carthage needed more land and resources after losing Sicily to Rome. Carthage decided to take over Spain. Rome encouraged Spain to fight back. In response, Carthage sent Hannibal to attack Rome in 218 BC. Hannibal had a large army of 46,000 men and 37 elephants. Carthage used the elephants to cross the Alps. Bitter cold and mountain tribes killed most of the men and elephants. 216 BC Hannibal was able to defeat the Romans at the Battle of Cannae.

26. Second and Third Punic War Rome continued to fight back. 206 BC the Roman general Scipio took Spain and attacked the city of Carthage. Hannibal was forced to return home to protect his people. 202 BC, Rome once again is victorious at the Battle of Zama. Carthage had to pay a huge fine and give up its navy. Carthage remained a threat, so finally in 146 BC Rome destroyed it.

28. Sum it up

29. Compare and Contrast Roman Republic and American Government Foldable Similarities between the Roman Republic and U.S. government - both feature executive and legislative branches - both systems have checks and balances embedded - the head executives can be removed from power by legislators - the head executives have military responsibilities - both lead executives have veto power - the executives are charged with enforcing the laws - the legislative bodies make laws and control the budgets - written law codes exist in both societies (Rome – Twelve Tables/ U.S. – Bill of Rights) - political divisions exist in both (Rome = patricians vs. plebeians / U.S. = citizens of a more liberal persuasion vs. citizens of a more conservative persuasion) - wealthy people are more likely to get elected - both place the authority of the state above that of the individual Differences between the Roman Republic and U.S. government Roman system did not have a separate judicial branch - Roman consuls (2 people) served 1-year terms / U.S. presidents (1 person) serve 4-year terms - Rome had a provision for a dictator to take over / the U.S. does not - Roman consuls had religious duties / the U.S. president does not - Romans continued to own slaves / Americans do not - Roman senators served for life / American senators have 6-year terms - Roman women were not allowed to participate in politics / American women are allowed - Rome had rigid social classes / the U.S. has more flexible social classes

30. Read pp. 312 – 319 Complete your 11.2 OneSheet

31. 11. 2 Vocab Write in detail about the following phrases. Use the whole time – do not turn it in early! 1.Government of the Republic 2.Conflict between the Classes 3.Cincinnatus 4.Rome’s System of Law 5.First, Second, and Third Punic Wars 6.Hannibal