Jacksonian Democracy Chapter 10, Section 1 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/c/c9/Andrew-Jackson.jpg http://www.utexas.edu/features/2005/jackson/graphics/jackson4.jpg

Election of 1824 Several Republican candidates ran Three were favorite sons (supported by home states rather than national party) Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, & John Quincy Adams No one candidate received majority of electoral vote House prepared to vote to decide Clay & Adams made an agreement to use Clay’s influence as Speaker of the House to help get Adam’s elected over Jackson John Quincy Adams was elected president http://www.classbrain.com/artbiographies/uploads/john-quincy-adams.jpg

Election of 1824

Political Parties 1828 Democratic Republicans Supported Andrew Jackson Favored states’ rights & mistrusted strong central government Many Democrats were frontier people, immigrants, or city workers National Republicans Supported John Quincy Adams Wanted strong central government Supported federal measures, such as road building & a national bank, that would help the economy Many were merchants or farmers

Election of 1828 Both parties resorted to mudslinging or attempts to ruin their opponents reputation John C. Calhoun (Adam’s former VP) switched parties & with Jackson Jackson won votes of frontier people & Southerners = won in a landslide

Election of 1828 http://www.multied.com/PageMill_Images/image2.gif http://www.multied.com/PageMill_Images/image5.gif

Election of 1828: State Results http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week5-second_party/election_1828.jpg

What helped Jackson be elected? Jackson became a national hero during the War of 1812 His nickname was “Old Hickory” because he was as tough as a hickory tree Jackson was seen as a “common man” and small farmers, craft workers, & others supported him Suffrage, or the right to vote, had been expanded Property requirements for voting were relaxed or eliminated

Jackson’s Inauguration http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week5-second_party/

Spoils System “To the Victor Goes the Spoils” President Jackson replaced many federal workers with his supporters Goal of the Democrats = shake up the federal bureaucracy They thought ordinary citizens could handle any government job Spoils System = practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters

“To the Victor Goes the Spoils” http://dig.lib.niu.edu/teachers/jackson-spoils.jpg

Kitchen Cabinet Jackson put unqualified people in his Cabinet & did not meet with them He met with other advisors in the kitchen of the White House. These advisors became known as the Kitchen Cabinet

A Crisis Over Tariffs Tariff: a fee paid by merchants who imported goods Tariff of Abominations: name Southerners gave to the highest tariff ever It was passed to protect Northern manufacturers from foreign competition (Americans were more likely to buy American-made goods) South had to pay higher prices for European goods

How did the South Protest the Tariff? V.P. John C. Calhoun argued that a state or a group of states had the right to nullify, or cancel, a federal law it considered against state interests Some Southerners call for Southern states to secede, or break away, from the U.S. Nullification Crisis Nullification: the idea that a state had the right to cancel a federal law it considered unconstitutional Congress (1832) passed a new lower tariff & Pres. Jackson had Congress pass a Force Bill, allowing military action to enforce acts of Congress John C. Calhoun http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week5-second_party/calhoun.jpg

Nullification Crisis http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/foner/jacksonian_america/week5-second_party/nullification.jpg

Questions Write Three “Deep” Questions (no “yes or no” or simple answers) 1. 2. 3.