1. Jacksonian Democracy & Indian Removal

2. How Jackson was elected
Jackson became a national hero during the War of 1812
His nickname was “Old Hickory” because he was as tough as a hickory tree
Jackson was seen as a “common man” and small farmers, craft workers, & others supported him
Suffrage, or the right to vote, had been expanded
Property requirements for voting were relaxed or eliminated

3. Spoils System “To the Victor Goes the Spoils”
President Jackson replaced many federal workers with his supporters
Goal of the Democrats = shake up the federal bureaucracy
They thought ordinary citizens could handle any government job
Spoils System = practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters

4. A Crisis Over Tariffs
Tariff: a fee paid by merchants who imported goods
Tariff of Abominations: name Southerners gave to the highest tariff
It was passed to protect Northern manufacturers from foreign competition (Americans were more likely to buy American-made goods)
South had to pay higher prices for European goods

5. How did the South Protest the Tariff?
V.P. John C. Calhoun argued that a state or a group of states had the right to nullify, or cancel, a federal law it considered against state interests
Southerners call for Southern states to secede, or break away, from the U.S.
Nullification: the idea that a state had the right to cancel a federal law it considered unconstitutional
Congress (1832) passed a new lower tariff & Pres. Jackson had Congress pass a Force Bill, allowing military action to enforce acts

6. Indian Removal
The five civilized tribes- Native Americans in the eastern US who adopted modern lifestyles
In 1830 Congress passes the Indian Removal Act- allows the government to forcibly relocate Native Americans west of the Mississippi
Cherokee sue for the right to stay and supreme court rules in their favor in Worcester vs. Georgia

7. Trail of Tears
Andrew Jackson defies the supreme court decision and convinces a small band of Cherokee to sign a treaty to move west
In 1838 General Winfield Scott forces the Cherokee to leave Georgia for Oklahoma
17,000 Cherokee leave and march through winter causing 4,000 to 8,000 deaths along the trail