CH.18-The Politics of Protest The Counterculture and Continuing Social Movements

Ch 18 Sec 1 Students & The Counterculture What was the counterculture of the 1960’s? What was the counterculture of the 1960’s? What was its impact on art, fashion, music and attitudes? What was its impact on art, fashion, music and attitudes? What was the conservative response or “backlash” to the counterculture? What was the conservative response or “backlash” to the counterculture?

Roots of Opposition-”The Times They are A- Changing” Rise of the Youth Movment College students became more involved in social protest College students became more involved in social protest The New Left demanded sweeping changes in American society The New Left demanded sweeping changes in American society Students for A Democratic Society (SDS) charged that large Corporations and large government institutions had taken over the US (They wanted democracy and individual freedom) Anti-WAR Students for A Democratic Society (SDS) charged that large Corporations and large government institutions had taken over the US (They wanted democracy and individual freedom) Anti-WAR In 1964 The Free Speech Movement grew out of a dispute between administrators and students at Univ. of CA at Berkeley In 1964 The Free Speech Movement grew out of a dispute between administrators and students at Univ. of CA at Berkeley

The Counterculture of the 1960’s Counterculture was a movement made up of mostly white, middle-class college young people who were disillusioned with the war and injustices of society Counterculture was a movement made up of mostly white, middle-class college young people who were disillusioned with the war and injustices of society They turned their backs on traditional American and founded a society based on peace and love They turned their backs on traditional American and founded a society based on peace and love Hippies Hippies

Anti-Materialism, Anti-Conformity Anti-Materialism, Anti-Conformity Technology was empty Technology was empty Harvard Psychology and counterculture philosopher Dr. Timothy Leary urged the youth to “Tune in, Turn On, Drop Out!” Harvard Psychology and counterculture philosopher Dr. Timothy Leary urged the youth to “Tune in, Turn On, Drop Out!” Many left home, work, and school to create an ideal community of peace love and harmony Many left home, work, and school to create an ideal community of peace love and harmony

Hippie Culture The Age of Aquarius The Age of Aquarius Rock ’n’ Roll Music (Classic) Rock ’n’ Roll Music (Classic) Sexual Revolution (Free Love) Sexual Revolution (Free Love) Marijuana and LSD ( Illegal Drugs) Marijuana and LSD ( Illegal Drugs) Eastern Religions (Zen Buddhism) Eastern Religions (Zen Buddhism) Ragged Jeans, Tie-dye shirts, military garments, love beads and muslin shirts Ragged Jeans, Tie-dye shirts, military garments, love beads and muslin shirts Long hair and beards Long hair and beards Many joined communes Many joined communes Haight-Asbury District of SF Haight-Asbury District of SF

Art of the 1960’s Pop-Art by Andy Warhol Pop-Art by Andy Warhol

Music of the 1960’s Music of the 1960’s The music was a form of protest that grew out of African-American rhythm and blues of the 1950’s (Folk and Rock) The music was a form of protest that grew out of African-American rhythm and blues of the 1950’s (Folk and Rock) The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the Grateful Dead, the Who, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez and the Rolling Stones The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the Grateful Dead, the Who, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez and the Rolling Stones In 1969 the appex of the counterculture was the music festival Woodstock In 1969 the appex of the counterculture was the music festival Woodstock The 1970 Concert at Altamont Speedway was a disaster and ended the era of peace and love The 1970 Concert at Altamont Speedway was a disaster and ended the era of peace and love

Ch 18 Sec 2 Women Fight for Equality- The Feminist Movment What factors led to the women’s movement of the 1960’s? What factors led to the women’s movement of the 1960’s? What were some early gains and some losses within the women’s movement? What were some early gains and some losses within the women’s movement? What was the legacy of the women’s movement in employment, education, and politics? What was the legacy of the women’s movement in employment, education, and politics?

Women Fight for Equality In 1920 the 19 th Amendment was passed giving women the right to vote (Women’s Suffrage) In 1920 the 19 th Amendment was passed giving women the right to vote (Women’s Suffrage) In the 1960’s Feminism was the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men In the 1960’s Feminism was the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men In 1963 Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique identified the “problem that has no name” Women were not happy in the 1950’s (Men’s work v Women’s work) In 1963 Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique identified the “problem that has no name” Women were not happy in the 1950’s (Men’s work v Women’s work) In the 1960’s women were forced into clerical work, retail, social work, nursing, and teaching In the 1960’s women were forced into clerical work, retail, social work, nursing, and teaching

Women’s Activism of the 1960’s Women were members of SNCC and SDS, and active in the civil rights movement Women were members of SNCC and SDS, and active in the civil rights movement In women including Friedan founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) In women including Friedan founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) NOW fought against gender bias in hiring and in the workplace and pushed for child-care facilities NOW fought against gender bias in hiring and in the workplace and pushed for child-care facilities In 1968 the New York Radical Women protested the Miss America Pageant in AC In 1968 the New York Radical Women protested the Miss America Pageant in AC “Women’s Garbage” into “Freedom’s Trashcan” “Women’s Garbage” into “Freedom’s Trashcan”

In 1969, a journalist and political activist Gloria Steinem joined the feminist movement In 1969, a journalist and political activist Gloria Steinem joined the feminist movement She founded the National Women’s Party Caucus She founded the National Women’s Party Caucus In 1972 she founded and wrote for Ms. (Women’s Magazine) In 1972 she founded and wrote for Ms. (Women’s Magazine)

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Congress passed the ERA in 1972, it was first introduced in 1923 (Men and Women same rights and protections) Congress passed the ERA in 1972, it was first introduced in 1923 (Men and Women same rights and protections) 38 states needed to ratify it to make it part of the Constitution ( 35 received) 38 states needed to ratify it to make it part of the Constitution ( 35 received) A Stop-ERA campaign was launched by conservative religious groups, and anti- feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly A Stop-ERA campaign was launched by conservative religious groups, and anti- feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly Radical Feminist “hate men, marriage, and children” Radical Feminist “hate men, marriage, and children” Fears of women being drafted, no husband responsibility, and possible same-sex marriages Fears of women being drafted, no husband responsibility, and possible same-sex marriages

Roe V Wade Feminist groups supported a woman’s right to chose to have an abortion Feminist groups supported a woman’s right to chose to have an abortion In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the feminists In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the feminists Extremely Controversial Extremely Controversial Pro-Choice v Pro-Life Pro-Choice v Pro-Life

Equality in Education In 1972 Congress passed The Educational Amendments In 1972 Congress passed The Educational Amendments Title IX – prohibited federally funded schools from disciminating against women in nearly all aspects of school operations from admissions to athletics Title IX – prohibited federally funded schools from disciminating against women in nearly all aspects of school operations from admissions to athletics

Ch 18 Sec 3 Latino Americans Organize How did the population of Latinos grow in the US during in the 1960’s? How did the population of Latinos grow in the US during in the 1960’s? How did Latinos fight for Civil Rights? How did Latinos fight for Civil Rights? Who was Cesar Chavez? Who was Cesar Chavez? What tactics were used in the Latino Civil Rights Movement? What tactics were used in the Latino Civil Rights Movement?

Latinos of Varied Origins Mexican Americans – 1miilion came in 1910’s following the Mexican Revolution, some came in the 1940’s and 1950’s as braceros, and 1 million came in the 60’s Mexican Americans – 1miilion came in 1910’s following the Mexican Revolution, some came in the 1940’s and 1950’s as braceros, and 1 million came in the 60’s Puerto Ricans began immigrating after the Spanish American War of 1898, and by 1960’s 1miilion in the US (1/2 NYC) Puerto Ricans began immigrating after the Spanish American War of 1898, and by 1960’s 1miilion in the US (1/2 NYC) Cubans fled Castro after 1959 and large communities formed in NYC, Miami, NJ Cubans fled Castro after 1959 and large communities formed in NYC, Miami, NJ During the 1960’s thousand of Central and South American emigrated During the 1960’s thousand of Central and South American emigrated Most Latinos lived in barrios Most Latinos lived in barrios

Latinos Fight For Change In 1966 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta merged their new unions to form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee In 1966 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta merged their new unions to form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee Chavez believed in non-violence in dealing with California’s large fruit and vegetable companies (Ex. Boycotts/Fast) Chavez believed in non-violence in dealing with California’s large fruit and vegetable companies (Ex. Boycotts/Fast) In the 1960’s the Chicano Movement took off, “Brown Power” and the “Brown Berets” demanded Spanish speaking classes and Chicano studies programs at universities (Bilingual ED. Act of 1968) In the 1960’s the Chicano Movement took off, “Brown Power” and the “Brown Berets” demanded Spanish speaking classes and Chicano studies programs at universities (Bilingual ED. Act of 1968)

Latino Political Power During the 1960’s eight Hispanic Americans served in the House and Joseph was elected to the Senate During the 1960’s eight Hispanic Americans served in the House and Joseph was elected to the Senate In the 1940’s and 1950’s the League of United Latin American Citizens fought in the courts for school desegregation and gov. funding In the 1940’s and 1950’s the League of United Latin American Citizens fought in the courts for school desegregation and gov. funding In the 1970’s La Raza Unida ( Mexican Americans United) ran Mexican Candidates in many local elections In the 1970’s La Raza Unida ( Mexican Americans United) ran Mexican Candidates in many local elections In 1963 the more radical Alianza Federal de Mercedes seized a Texas courthouse In 1963 the more radical Alianza Federal de Mercedes seized a Texas courthouse