Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture prepared by Kathleen A. Ireland, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Anatomy & Physiology M A R T I N I FIRST EDITION C h a p t e r 11 The Muscular System PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College - North Harris Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Includes all skeletal muscle tissue that can be controlled voluntarily Muscular system
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organization of skeletal muscle fibers Parallel muscle Convergent muscle Pennate muscle Unipennate Bipennate Multipennate Circular muscle (sphincter)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.1 Figure 10.1 Different Arrangements of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rigid structure that moves on a fixed point, the fulcrum Changes direction and strength of applied force Changes distance and speed of movement Three classes First class Second class Third class Most common in the body Levers PLAY Animation: First, second and third-class levers
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.2 The Three Classes of Levers Figure 10.2a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.2 The Three Classes of Levers Figure 10.2b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.2 The Three Classes of Levers Figure 10.2c
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles can be identified by origin, insertion and action Origin = stationary end Insertion = movable end Origins and Insertions
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscles can be classified by action Agonist (prime mover) Antagonist Synergist Fixator Actions
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Names give clues to muscle characteristics Location Fascicle organization Relative position Structure Size Shape Origin and insertion Action Names of skeletal muscles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Axial musculature arises on axial skeleton Positions head and spinal column and moves the rib cage Appendicular musculature moves and stabilizes components of the appendicular skeleton Axial and Appendicular Muscles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.3 Figure 10.3 An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.3 Figure 10.3 An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Logical groupings based on location and/or function Head and neck Vertebral column Oblique and rectus muscles Pelvic floor Axial muscles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Facial expression muscles Orbicularis oris Buccinator Occipitofrontalis muscles Platysma Muscles of the head and neck
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.4 Muscles of Facial Expression Figure 10.4a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.4 Muscles of Facial Expression Figure 10.4b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Inferior and superior rectus muscles Lateral and medial rectus muscles Inferior and superior oblique muscles Extrinsic eye muscles (oculomotor or extra-ocular muscles)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.5 Extrinsic Eye Muscles Figure 10.5
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Masseter muscles Temporalis muscles Pterygoid muscles Muscles of mastication
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.6 Muscles of Mastication Figure 10.6
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Genioglossus Hypoglossus Palatoglossus Styloglossus Muscles of the tongue (speech, swallowing and mastication)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.7 Muscles of the Tongue Figure 10.7
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pharyngeal constrictors Laryngeal elevators Palatal muscles Muscle of the pharynx
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.8 Muscles of the Pharynx Figure 10.8
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Control the position of the larynx Depress the mandible Provide a foundation for the muscles of the tongue Digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles Seven muscles that originate or insert on the hyoid Muscle of the neck
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Superficial muscles of the spine Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis Muscles of the vertebral column
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.9 Muscles of the Anterior Neck Figure 10.9
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neck region Longus capitus Longus colli Lumbar region Quadratus lumborum Muscles of the vertebral column
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles of the Vertebral Column Figure 10.10
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Oblique Scalene muscles Intercostal muscles Transverses muscles External and internal intercostals Diaphragm Oblique and rectus muscles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Figure Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Perineum Anterior urogenital triangle Posterior anal triangle Pelvic floor Urogenital diaphragm Pelvic diaphragm Muscles of the pelvic floor
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles of the Pelvic Floor Figure 10.12a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles of the Pelvic Floor Figure 10.12b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Trapezius muscles Affect the position of the shoulder girdle, head and neck Muscles inserting on the scapula Rhomboid muscles Levator scapulae muscles Serratus anterior muscles Subclavius muscles Pectoralis minor muscles Muscles of the shoulders and upper arms
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.13a Figure An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.13b Figure An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.14a Figure Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.14b Figure Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Adductors Deltoid muscles Supraspinatus muscles Medial rotators Subscapularis muscles Teres major muscles Lateral rotation Infraspinatus muscles Teres minor muscles Shoulder muscles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles that Move the Arm Figure 10.15a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles that Move the Arm Figure 10.15b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Flexion and adduction Coracobrachialis Flexion of the shoulder joint Pectoralis major muscles Extension of the shoulder joint Latissimus dorsi muscles More shoulder movements
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Biceps brachii muscle Triceps brachii muscle Brachialis and brachioradialis flex the elbow Aconeus muscle extends the elbow Muscles that affect the elbow
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Flexion of the wrist Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Extension of the wrist Extensor carpi radialis Extensor carpi ulnaris Muscles that affect the wrist
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.16a Figure Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.16b Figure Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pronation of the forearm Pronator teres muscle Pronator quadratus muscle Supination of the forearm Supinator muscle Muscles that affect the forearm
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.17a, b Figure Muscles that Move the Hand and Fingers
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.17c, d Figure Muscles that Move the Hand and Fingers
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.18a Figure Intrinsic that Move the Hand and Fingers
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.18b Figure Intrinsic that Move the Hand and Fingers
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gluteal muscles cover the lateral surfaces of the ilia Gluteus maximus (shares an insertion with the tensor fasciae latea) Pulls on the iliotibial tract Muscles of the pelvis and lower limbs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles that Move the Thigh Figure 10.19a, c
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles that Move the Thigh Figure 10.19c, d
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Piriformis muscle Obturator muscles Adductors perform a variety of functions Lateral rotators of the leg
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Formed from the merging of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles Powerful flexor of the hip Iliopsoas muscle
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles that Move the Leg Figure 10.20a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Muscles that Move the Leg Figure 10.20b, c
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The hamstrings Biceps femoris muscles Semimembranosus muscles Semitendinosis muscles Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee joint Flexors of the knee
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Quadriceps femoris Three vastus muscles Rectus femoris muscle Extensors of the knee
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plantar flexion Gastrocnemius muscle Soleus muscle Eversion and plantar flexion Fibularis muscle Foot position and toe movement is accomplished by muscles originating on the talus and metatarsal bones Movements at the ankle
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.21a, b Figure Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.21c, d Figure Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot Figure 10.22a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot Figure 10.22b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot Figure 10.22c
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The arrangement of fascicles in various muscle types and explain the resulting functional differences. The classes of levers and how they relate to muscle function. The actions of muscles based on their origins and insertions. You should now be familiar with:
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How muscles interact to produce or oppose movement. How the name of a muscle can help identify its location, appearance or function. The principle axial and appendicular muscles of the body, including origin, insertion, action, and innervation. You should now be familiar with: