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Table 11-7 Anterior Muscles of the Neck (Figure 11–9)
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11-5 Axial Musculature Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Spinal extensors or erector spinae muscles (superficial and deep) Spinal flexors (transversospinalis)
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11-5 Axial Musculature Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Superficial Spinal Extensors Spinalis group Longissimus group Iliocostalis group
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11-5 Axial Musculature Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Deep Spinal Extensors Semispinalis group Multifidus muscle Interspinalis muscles Intertransversarii muscles Rotatores muscles
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Figure 11-10 Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Erector Spinae, Deep Layer Erector Spinae, Superficial Layer Splenius capitis Semispinalis Group Spinalis, Longissimus, and Iliocostalis Group Semispinalis capitis Semispinalis cervicis Longissimus capitis Semispinalis thoracis Spinalis cervicis Longissimus cervicis Iliocostalis cervicis Iliocostalis thoracis Multifidus Longissimus thoracis Spinalis thoracis Iliocostalis lumborum 6
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Table 11-8 Muscles of the Vertebral Column (Figure 11–10)
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11-5 Axial Musculature Muscles of the Vertebral Column Spinal Flexors
Neck Longus capitis and longus colli Rotate and flex the neck Lumbar Quadratus lumborum muscles Flex spine and depress ribs
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Figure 11-10 Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Erector Spinae, Deep Layer Intervertebral Muscles, Posterior View Spinal Flexors Quadratus lumborum Rotatores Intertransversarii Flexors of the Anterior Cervical and Thoracic Spine Longus capitis Spinous process of vertebra Thoracodorsal fascia Posterior view Longus colli Interspinales Transverse process of vertebra 9
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Table 11-8 Muscles of the Vertebral Column (Figure 11–10)
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11-5 Axial Musculature Oblique and Rectus Muscles
Lie within the body wall Oblique muscles Compress underlying structures Rotate vertebral column Rectus muscles Flex vertebral column Oppose erector spinae
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11-5 Axial Musculature Oblique Muscles Cervical region Thoracic region
Scalene muscles Flex the neck Thoracic region Intercostal muscles (external and internal) Respiratory movements of ribs Transversus thoracis Cross inner surface of ribs
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11-5 Axial Musculature Oblique Muscles
Abdominopelvic region (same pattern as thoracic) External oblique muscles Internal oblique muscles Transversus abdominis
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11-5 Axial Musculature Rectus Muscles Rectus abdominis
Between xiphoid process and pubic symphysis Divided longitudinally by linea alba Divided transversely by tendinous inscriptions
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11-5 Axial Musculature Rectus Muscles
Diaphragmatic muscle or diaphragm Divides thoracic and abdominal cavities Performs respiration
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Figure 11-11a Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm
Scalenes Anterior Middle Posterior Anterior view, cervical region 16
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Figure 11-11b Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm
Serratus anterior Internal intercostal External oblique External intercostal Tendinous inscription External oblique (cut) Internal oblique Cut edge of rectus sheath Linea alba Rectus abdominis Anterior view 17
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Figure 11-11c Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm
abdominis Xiphoid process Costal cartilages External oblique Inferior vena cava External intercostal T10 Internal intercostal Central tendon of diaphragm Esophagus Serratus anterior Diaphragm Thoracic aorta Spinal cord Erector spinae group Superior view at the level of the diaphragm 18
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Figure 11-11d Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm
Rectus abdominis Rectus sheath Linea alba External oblique L3 Transversus abdominis Quadratus lumborum Internal oblique Thoracolumbar fascia Horizontal section view at the level of the umbilicus 19
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Table 11-9 Oblique and Rectus Muscle Groups (Figure 11–11)
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Table 11-9 Oblique and Rectus Muscle Groups (Figure 11–11)
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11-5 Axial Musculature Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Functions of pelvic floor muscles Support organs of pelvic cavity Flex sacrum and coccyx Control movement of materials through urethra and anus
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11-5 Axial Musculature Muscles of the Pelvic Floor Perineum
Muscular sheet forming the pelvic floor, divided into: Anterior urogenital triangle Posterior anal triangle
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11-5 Axial Musculature Perineum Urogenital diaphragm
Deep muscular layer between pubic bones Supports the pelvic floor And muscles of the urethra Superficial muscles of the urogenital triangle Support external genitalia
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11-5 Axial Musculature Muscles of the Pelvic Floor Perineum
Pelvic diaphragm Deep muscular layer extending to pubis Supports anal triangle
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Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Superficial Dissections Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus Vagina Superficial transverse perineal Anus Gluteus maximus Female 26
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Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Deep Dissections Urethra Urogenital Diaphragm External urethral sphincter Deep transverse perineal Central tendon of perineum Pelvic Diaphragm Pubococcygeus Levator ani Iliococcygeus External anal sphincter Coccygeus Sacrotuberous ligament Female 27
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Figure 11-12b Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Superficial Dissections Testis Urethra (connecting segment removed) Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus Superficial transverse perineal Anus Gluteus maximus Male 28
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Figure 11-12b Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
Deep Dissections UROGENITAL TRIANGLE OF PERINEUM Urogenital Diaphragm External urethral sphincter Deep transverse perineal Central tendon of perineum Pelvic Diaphragm Pubococcygeus Levator ani Iliococcygeus External anal sphincter Coccygeus Sacrotuberous ligament ANAL TRIANGLE Male 29
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Table 11-10 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor (Figure 11–12)
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Appendicular Muscles Position and stabilize pectoral and pelvic girdles Move upper and lower limbs Two divisions of appendicular muscles Muscles of the shoulders and upper limbs Muscles of the pelvis and lower limbs
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Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Superficial Dissection Axial Muscles Platysma Appendicular Muscles Deltoid Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Serratus anterior Anterior view ATLAS: Plates 25; 39b 32
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Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Deep Dissection Axial Muscles Sternocleidomastoid Appendicular Muscles Trapezius Subclavius Deltoid (cut and reflected) Pectoralis minor Subscapularis Pectoralis major (cut and reflected) Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii Teres major Serratus anterior Anterior view ATLAS: Plates 25; 39b 33
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Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Superficial Dissection Axial Muscles External oblique Rectus sheath Superficial inguinal ring Appendicular Muscles Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Rectus femoris Anterior view ATLAS: Plates 25; 39b 34
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Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Deep Dissection Axial Muscles External intercostal Internal intercostal Internal oblique (cut) External oblique (cut and reflected) Rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis Appendicular Muscles Gluteus medius Iliopsoas Pectineus Adductor longus Gracilis Anterior view ATLAS: Plates 25; 39b 35
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Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Superficial Dissection Axial Muscles Sternocleidomastoid Appendicular Muscles Trapezius Deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Triceps brachii Posterior view ATLAS: Plate 40a,b 36
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Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Deep Dissection Axial Muscles Semispinalis capitis Splenius capitis Appendicular Muscles Levator scapulae Supraspinatus Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Posterior view ATLAS: Plate 40a,b 37
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Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Superficial Dissection Appendicular Muscles Latissimus dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia Iliac crest Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Posterior view ATLAS: Plate 40a,b 38
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Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk
Deep Dissection Axial Muscles Erector spinae muscle group External oblique Posterior view ATLAS: Plate 40a,b 39
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles of the Shoulders and Upper Limbs Four groups Muscles that position the pectoral girdle Muscles that move the arm Muscles that move the forearm and hand Muscles that move the hand and fingers
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Trapezius Superficial Covers back and neck to base of skull Inserts on clavicles and scapular spines
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Figure 11-14a Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Trapezius Levator scapulae Subclavius Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major (cut and reflected) Internal intercostals External intercostals T12 Anterior view ATLAS: Plates 39a-d; 40a–b 42
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Figure 11-14b Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Superficial Dissection Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Trapezius Posterior view ATLAS: Plates 27b; 40a–b 43
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Rhomboid and levator scapulae Deep to trapezius Attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae Insert on scapular border
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Figure 11-14b Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Deep Dissection Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Scapula Serratus anterior Triceps brachii T12 vertebra Posterior view ATLAS: Plates 27b; 40a–b 45
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Serratus anterior On the chest Originates along ribs Inserts on anterior scapular margin
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Subclavius Originates on ribs Inserts on clavicle Pectoralis minor Attaches to scapula
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Figure 11-14a Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Trapezius Levator scapulae Subclavius Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major (cut and reflected) Internal intercostals External intercostals T12 Anterior view ATLAS: Plates 39a-d; 40a–b 48
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Figure 11-14a Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle
Pectoralis minor (cut) Serratus anterior Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head T12 Anterior view ATLAS: Plates 39a-d; 40a–b 49
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Table 11-11 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle (Figures 11–13, 11–14)
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Arm Deltoid The major abductor Supraspinatus Assists deltoid
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Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection Sternum Clavicle Muscles That Move the Arm Deltoid Pectoralis major Anterior view 52
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Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection Vertebra T1 Muscles That Move the Arm Supraspinatus Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia Posterior view 53
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Arm Subscapularis and teres major Produce medial rotation at shoulder
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Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Ribs (cut) Muscles That Move the Arm Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Teres major Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Vertebra T12 Anterior view 55
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Arm Infraspinatus and teres minor Produce lateral rotation at shoulder Coracobrachialis Attaches to scapula Produces flexion and adduction at shoulder
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Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Muscles That Move the Arm Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, lateral head Posterior view 57
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Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Ribs (cut) Muscles That Move the Arm Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Teres major Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Vertebra T12 Anterior view 58
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Arm Pectoralis major Between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus Produces flexion at shoulder joint Latissimus dorsi Between thoracic vertebrae and humerus Produces extension at shoulder joint
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Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection Sternum Clavicle Muscles That Move the Arm Deltoid Pectoralis major Anterior view 60
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Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection Vertebra T1 Muscles That Move the Arm Supraspinatus Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia Posterior view 61
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11-6 Appendicular Musculature
The Rotator Cuff Muscles involved in shoulder rotation Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and their tendons
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Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Ribs (cut) Muscles That Move the Arm Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Teres major Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Vertebra T12 Anterior view 63
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Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Muscles That Move the Arm Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, lateral head Posterior view 64
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Table 11-12 Muscles That Move the Arm (Figures 11–13 to 11–15)
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