1. The Muscular System 10

2. Major Skeletal Muscles: Anterior View
The 40 superficial muscles here are divided into 10 regional areas of the body
Figure 10.4b

3. Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View
The 27 superficial muscles here are divided into seven regional areas of the body
Figure 10.5b

4. Muscles: Name, and Action
Name and description of the muscle – be alert to information about the muscle given in the name
Origin and insertion – there is always a joint between the origin and insertion
Action – best learned by acting out a muscle’s movement on one’s own body

5. Muscles of the Face
Figure 10.6

6. Muscles of Mastication
Figure 10.7a

7. Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat
Figure 10.8a

9. Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Anterior
Figure 10.9a

10. Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Posterior
Figure 10.9b

11. Deep Back Muscles 1 8 2 3 7 6 4 5
Figure 10.9d

12. Muscles of Respiration
The primary function of deep thoracic muscles is to promote movement for breathing
External intercostals – more superficial layer that lifts the rib cage and increases thoracic volume to allow inspiration
Figure 10.10a

13. Muscles of Respiration
Internal intercostals – deeper layer that aids in forced expiration
Diaphragm – most important muscle in inspiration
Figure 10.10a

14. Muscles of Respiration: The Diaphragm
Figure 10.10b

16. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall8 7 9 6 1 5 4 3 2
Figure 10.11a

17. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Figure 10.11b

18. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Figure 10.11c

19. Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles9 1 2 8 3 7 4 5 6
Figure 10.13a

20. Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
Figure 10.13b

21. Muscles Crossing the Shoulder1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 10.14a

22. Muscles Crossing the Shoulder1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Figure 10.14d

23. Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
Figure 10.14c

24. Muscles Crossing the Elbow
Forearm extension
The triceps brachii is the prime mover of forearm extension
Forearm flexion
Brachialis and biceps brachii are the chief forearm flexors
The brachioradialis acts as a synergist and helps stabilize the elbow

25. Muscles of the Forearm
The two functional forearm muscle groups are: those that cause wrist movement, and those that move the fingers and the thumb
These muscles insert via strong ligaments called flexor retinacula and extensor retinacula
Anteriomedial compartment - flexors and pronators
Posterolateral compartment - extensors and supinator
The pronator teres and pronator quadratus are not flexors, but pronate the forearm
The supinator muscle is a synergist with the biceps brachii in supinating the forearm

26. Forearm: Superficial Anterior Compartment4 5 3
These muscles are primarily flexors of the wrist and fingers and pronators 2 1 6 8 7
Figure 10.15a

27. Forearm: Deeper Anterior Compartment1 2 6 3 4
Deep
Deepest 5
Figure 10.15b, c

28. Forearm: Superficial Posterior Compartment1 9 2 8 3
These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist and fingers 4 7 5 6
Figure 10.16a

29. Forearm: Deep Posterior Compartment
These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist and fingers and the supinator 1 2 3 4 5
Figure 10.16b

30. Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
Anterior compartment (most) muscles of the hip and thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee
Extend the leg (anterior compartment)
Posterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg
Flex and extend the thigh (posterior compartment)
Medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh
Adduct the thigh (medial compartment)
These three groups are enclosed by the fascia lata

31. Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension
The most important thigh flexors are the iliopsoas (prime mover), tensor fasciae latae, and rectus femoris
The medially located adductor muscles and sartorius assist in flexion

32. Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension
Thigh extension is primarily effected by the hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)
Forceful extension is aided by the gluteus maximus

33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 11 7 12 8 9
Figure 10.19a

34. Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Other Movements
Abduction and rotation are effected by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, and are antagonized by the lateral rotators
Thigh adduction is the role of five adductor muscles (adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis; the pectineus, and the gracilis)

35. 1 2 * * 3 4 5 6
Figure 10.20a

36. Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Other Movements1 2 7 4 8 5 6 9 3
Figure 10.20b

37. Movements: Knee Joint sole extensor of the knee
quadriceps femoris
flex the knee, and are antagonists to the quadriceps femoris
hamstrings
Figure 10.19a

38. Muscles of the Anterior Compartment
primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis (peroneus) tertius 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 10.21a

39. Muscles of the Anterior Compartment ISOLATED
Figure 10.21b-d

40. Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
plantar flex and evert the foot
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9
Figure 10.22a

41. Muscles of the Lateral Compartment - ISOLATED
Figure 10.22b, c

42. Muscles of the Posterior Compartment
primarily flex the foot and the toes
gastrocnemius
soleus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus 1 2 3 4
Figure 10.23a

43. Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEP1 2 3 4
Deep 5 6
Figure 10.23b, c

44. Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEPEST* * * 1 2 3
Deepest 4 7 5 6
Figure 10.23b, c

45. Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - ISOLATED
Figure 10.23d-f