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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Four paired muscles, their fasciae and aponeuroses form lateral and anterior abdominal wall Rectus abdominis External obliques Internal obliques Transversus abdominis © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.12a Muscles of the abdominal wall.
Pectoralis major Serratus anterior Linea alba Tendinous intersection Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis Internal oblique External oblique Aponeurosis of the external oblique Inguinal ligament (formed by free inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Fascicles run at angles to one another, provide added strength All innervated by intercostal nerves Actions of these muscles Lateral flexion and rotation of trunk Help promote urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting, coughing, and screaming © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.14a Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.
Sternocleidomastoid Subclavius Clavicle Subscapularis Deltoid Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Sternum Serratus anterior Biceps brachii Humerus PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the shoulder joint and humerus: An overview (b) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Thorax
Posterior extrinsic shoulder muscles Trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboids (major and minor) PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles of the pectoral girdle (c) PLAY A&P Flix™: Movement of the pectoral girdle © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Levator scapulae Supraspinatus Trapezius Clavicle Deltoid Spine of
Figure 10.14c Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm. Levator scapulae Trapezius Supraspinatus Clavicle Deltoid Spine of scapula Rhomboid minor Infraspinatus Rhomboid major Teres minor Teres major Humerus Latissimus dorsi © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint
Nine muscles cross shoulder joint; insert on and move humerus Some originate from scapula; others from axial skeleton Actions include flexion, extension, adduction © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis
Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Medial head Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachio- radialis Anterior view © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle
Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus* Teres minor* Teres major Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Latissimus dorsi Humerus Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Posterior view © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Superficial transverse ligament of palm Palmar aponeurosis Flexor
Figure 10.16a Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers. Superficial transverse ligament of palm Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi radialis Brachio- radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Pronator teres Tendon of biceps brachii Medial head of triceps brachii Biceps brachii © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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digitorum superficialis (cut) Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Figure 10.16c Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers. Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis (cut) Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus Lumbricals Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Thenar muscles of thumb Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut) Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Supinator © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Extensor digiti minimi
Figure 10.17a Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers. Extensor expansion Tendons of extensor digitorum Extensor pollicis longus brevis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis brevis radialis longus carpi radialis brevis and longus Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi ulnaris Flexor carpi ulnaris Anconeus Insertion of triceps brachii Brachioradialis © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
Most anterior muscles flex femur at hip, extend leg at knee (foreswing of walking) Most posterior muscles extend thigh, flex leg (backswing of walking) Medial muscles all adduct thigh All three groups enclosed by fascia lata PLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the hip joint and femur: An overview © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Thigh flexors pass in front of hip joint
Movements of the Thigh Include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation Thigh flexors pass in front of hip joint Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major) - prime mover of flexion Tensor fasciae latae Rectus femoris Assisted by medial adductors and sartorius PLAY A&P Flix™: Anterior muscles that cross the hip joint © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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12th thoracic vertebra 12th rib Quadratus lumborum Psoas minor
Figure 10.20a Anterior and medial muscles promoting movements of the thigh and leg. 12th thoracic vertebra 12th rib Quadratus lumborum Psoas minor Iliac crest Psoas major Iliopsoas Iliacus 5th lumbar vertebra Anterior superior iliac spine Tensor fasciae latae Pectineus Adductor longus Sartorius Gracilis Quadriceps femoris • Rectus femoris Adductor magnus • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis Tendon of quadriceps femoris Patella Patellar ligament © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.21a Posterior muscles of the right hip and thigh.
Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Gracilis Iliotibial tract Long head Biceps femoris Short head Hamstrings Semitendinosus Semimembranosus © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.22a Muscles of the anterior compartment of the right leg.
Fibularis longus Tibia Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Soleus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius Superior and inferior extensor retinacula Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.23a Muscles of the lateral compartment of the right leg.
Patella Head of fibula Gastrocnemius Soleus Fibularis longus Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis brevis Fibularis tertius Flexor hallucis longus Superior and inferior extensor retinacula Fibular retinaculum Extensor hallucis brevis Lateral malleolus Extensor digitorum brevis Metatarsal V © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg
Plantar flex ankle Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tibialis posterior © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.24a Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
Plantaris Medial head Gastrocnemius Lateral head Tendon of gastrocnemius Calcaneal tendon Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus Calcaneus Superficial view of the posterior leg. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.24c Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
Plantaris (cut) Gastrocnemius lateral head (cut) Gastrocnemius medial head (cut) Popliteus Soleus (cut) Tibialis posterior Fibula Fibularis longus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tendon of tibialis posterior Fibularis brevis Medial malleolus Calcaneal tendon (cut) Calcaneus The triceps surae has been removed to show the deep muscles of the posterior compartment. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.22a Muscles of the anterior compartment of the right leg.
Fibularis longus Tibia Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Soleus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius Superior and inferior extensor retinacula Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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