Cell Structure Chemicals of Life Nature of Molecules Evidence of Evolution Science of Biology
Explain the properties of life. Order-all organisms are composed of one or more cells; Sensitivity- respond to stimuli; Growth & development- all organisms grow and develop and pass hereditary material to offspring; Regulation- coordinate internal functions; Homeostasis- maintain constant internal conditions
Explain inductive and deductive reasoning Inductive- specific observations to construct general science principles Deductive- using general science principles to explain specific results
What is the scientific method? 1.Ask a question 2.Form a hypothesis 3.Perform an experiment 4.Make a prediction 5.Gather data 6.Form conclusions
What is the theory of evolution? (include natural selection Evolution is generation to generation change in a species; natural selection is the process by which it happens
Explain the evidence of evolution 1.Fossils- remains of organisms 2.Homologous structure- structures that the same origin, but different function 3.Analogous structures- structures with the same function, but different origin 4.Development- comparing embryos 5.Molecular biology- comparing DNA
What are the forms for evidence for evolution? 1.Fossils 2.Homologous structures 3.Analogous structures 4.Molecular biology 5.Vestigial structures
What is the fossil record? Collective record of preserved remains of once living organisms
Define natural selection The process by which the environment chooses the organisms that are most suited to survive
Define artificial selection Favoring individuals with certain phenotypic traits and allowing them to reproduce
Explain Darwin’s critics and arguments 1.Evolution not solidly demonstrated 2.No fossil intermediates 3.Intelligent design 4.Violates 2 nd law of thermodynamics 5.Proteins too improbable 6.N.S. does not imply evolution 7.The irreducible complexity argument
What is matter? What is an atom? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space; atoms are the basic unit of matter
What are the properties of water? 1.Polar 2.Cohesion 3.Adhesion 4.High specific heat 5.Heat of vaporization 6.Universal solvent 7.Surface tension
Discuss the three subatomic particles 1.Protons- (+) in the nucleus 2.Neutrons- neutral, in the nucleus 3.Electrons- (-); in orbitals outside the nucleus
Define elements and isotopes Elements- substance made up of one type of atom Isotope- element that has a different number of neutrons
Discuss chemical bonding Ionic- transfer of electrons from one atom to another Covalent- sharing of electrons between atoms
What are organic compounds? Organic compounds have carbon to hydrogen bonds
What are carbohydrates? Discuss types Carbs are composed of sugars Mono- single sugars Di- double sugars Poly- starches
Discuss proteins Organic compounds composed of amino acids. Have a defined shape: primary, secondary. tertiary and quantenary
What are lipids Organic compounds that do not dissolve in water. Composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Can be solid or liquid at room temp
Discuss nucleic acids Organic compounds composed nucleotides (5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base)
What are cell structures that cells have in common? 1.Cell membrane 2.Genetic material 3.Cytoplasm
What is the cell theory? 1.All living things are composed of cells 2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function 3.Cells come from pre- existing cells
What is a TEM and a SEM? Transmission electron microscope- gives detail of inside the cell Scanning electron microscope- gives a 3D image of surface of cells
What is the endosymbiont theory? One prokaryote engulfed another and they began to benefit each other. Gave rise to the first eukaryote
How do cells move? 1.Flagella 2.Cilia 3.pseudopods