Good Morning/Afternoon Warm-up Warm-up

What does it take for a society to get to this point? How do you create change in this type of society?

Civil Rights in the 1950’s Great Migration- Blacks are moving out of the south into cities in the west and north (LA, NYC, Chicago, Detroit) Great Migration- Blacks are moving out of the south into cities in the west and north (LA, NYC, Chicago, Detroit) *Importance- creates “voting blocs” that elected black politicians that forced the nation to focus on and change segregation in the South *Importance- creates “voting blocs” that elected black politicians that forced the nation to focus on and change segregation in the South Jim Crow Laws- (segregation) laws that separated blacks and whites in public places (school, restaurants, theaters, bathrooms, etc.) Jim Crow Laws- (segregation) laws that separated blacks and whites in public places (school, restaurants, theaters, bathrooms, etc.)

NAACP- uses courts to overturn segregation in the 1950’s NAACP- uses courts to overturn segregation in the 1950’s Thurgood Marshall- NAACP leading attorney, traveled south in the 1930’s and 40’s defending black rights in court Thurgood Marshall- NAACP leading attorney, traveled south in the 1930’s and 40’s defending black rights in court *later became first African-American Supreme Court Justice *later became first African-American Supreme Court Justice Brown vs. Board of Education (Topeka) court case that overturns segregation in schools Brown vs. Board of Education (Topeka) court case that overturns segregation in schools

Plessy vs. Ferguson- (1896) court case that allowed segregation as long as facilities were “separate but equal” Plessy vs. Ferguson- (1896) court case that allowed segregation as long as facilities were “separate but equal” *Separate was enforced but not the equal part *Separate was enforced but not the equal part

Civil Rights in the 1950’s II Martin Luther King Jr. & the Bus Boycott Martin Luther King Jr. & the Bus Boycott New Civil Rights Strategy- Brown vs. Board of Education did not end segregation New Civil Rights Strategy- Brown vs. Board of Education did not end segregation Montgomery Bus Boycott- blacks forced to sit in the back of the bus but make up a majority of riders Montgomery Bus Boycott- blacks forced to sit in the back of the bus but make up a majority of riders

Rosa Parks- 43 yr, old CIVIL RIGHTS ADVOCATE Rosa Parks- 43 yr, old CIVIL RIGHTS ADVOCATE *Refused to move from her seat in front of bus, jailed, fined $14 (starts the boycott) *Refused to move from her seat in front of bus, jailed, fined $14 (starts the boycott)

Boycott- blacks stop riding the bus, carpool to get around (MLK is the central organizer of the boycott) Boycott- blacks stop riding the bus, carpool to get around (MLK is the central organizer of the boycott) *Importance- blacks organize to create change *Importance- blacks organize to create change

White resistance- tried to stop the boycott White resistance- tried to stop the boycott Car insurance cancelled for carpoolers Car insurance cancelled for carpoolers MLK’s house bombed MLK’s house bombed Black leaders arrested for organizing an illegal boycott Black leaders arrested for organizing an illegal boycott Nov Supreme Court ruled bus segregation is illegal (boycott lasted 1 year) Nov Supreme Court ruled bus segregation is illegal (boycott lasted 1 year)

Martin Luther King Jr.- Montgomery bus boycott brought him international fame Martin Luther King Jr.- Montgomery bus boycott brought him international fame 1. “I have a Dream”-that all people are equal (wanted an end to segregation without punishment, forgive segregationists) 1. “I have a Dream”-that all people are equal (wanted an end to segregation without punishment, forgive segregationists) *Importance- MLK was not a threat to white northerners and they supported him *Importance- MLK was not a threat to white northerners and they supported him

2. Non-violence: said that history will remember those who stood up for what was right using peace and love 2. Non-violence: said that history will remember those who stood up for what was right using peace and love *Importance- gave Civil Rights protesters (Af/Am) a motivation to put themselves in harms way *Importance- gave Civil Rights protesters (Af/Am) a motivation to put themselves in harms way **These two ideas rewrote American Race relations **These two ideas rewrote American Race relations

Good Morning/Afternoon Warm-up Warm-up How might this be a powerful way to resist segregation? Explain. How might this be a powerful way to resist segregation? Explain.

Civil Rights- part III Little Rock, Arkansas- (1957) after Brown vs. Board of Education, schools in the south were integrating as slow as possible Little Rock, Arkansas- (1957) after Brown vs. Board of Education, schools in the south were integrating as slow as possible Little Rock 9- Little Rock 9- nine black students were to enroll at Central High School nine black students were to enroll at Central High School

Governor Faubus- called in the National Guard to keep students OUT Governor Faubus- called in the National Guard to keep students OUT First day of school- 1,000 angry whites jeered the students First day of school- 1,000 angry whites jeered the students TV captured the scene and made the nation sensitive to Civil Rights TV captured the scene and made the nation sensitive to Civil Rights

US Army- TV forced President Eisenhower to react, sent in the troops to protect the students for 1 year US Army- TV forced President Eisenhower to react, sent in the troops to protect the students for 1 year Greensboro, North Carolina (1960)- lunch counters and restaurants were segregated Greensboro, North Carolina (1960)- lunch counters and restaurants were segregated

Sit-in- 4 college students sat down at a lunch counter and asked for service Sit-in- 4 college students sat down at a lunch counter and asked for service *TV captures whites beating, insulting, and trying to provoke the protesters who refused to strike back *TV captures whites beating, insulting, and trying to provoke the protesters who refused to strike back *inspired others (by the end of 1960, 50,000 people had demonstrated in sit-ins, 3,000 went to jail *inspired others (by the end of 1960, 50,000 people had demonstrated in sit-ins, 3,000 went to jail

Good Morning/Afternoon Warm-up Warm-up In your opinion, who’s strategy was more effective in the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King, or Malcolm X? Explain. In your opinion, who’s strategy was more effective in the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King, or Malcolm X? Explain.

Freedom Riders- (1961) black and white civil rights advocates who rode around the South in buses focusing attention on segregated facilities (especially bus stops) Freedom Riders- (1961) black and white civil rights advocates who rode around the South in buses focusing attention on segregated facilities (especially bus stops) *met by mobs (one bus was burned, police refused to protect protesters in many Southern cities)~ *met by mobs (one bus was burned, police refused to protect protesters in many Southern cities)~

JFK- assassinated November 22, 1963 JFK- assassinated November 22, 1963 Malcolm X Malcolm X Killed by the Nation of Islam in February 21, 1965 Killed by the Nation of Islam in February 21, 1965 FBI and CIA were tracking his every move FBI and CIA were tracking his every move

Urban Violence- countless riots lead to discontented civil rights advocates and activists Urban Violence- countless riots lead to discontented civil rights advocates and activists Ex. Watts Riots-(1965)- white policemen arrest a young African American for drunk driving, cop would not allow brother to drive car home Ex. Watts Riots-(1965)- white policemen arrest a young African American for drunk driving, cop would not allow brother to drive car home -6 day riot, 34 dead, 3,500 arrests, 900 injured, $30 million destroyed -6 day riot, 34 dead, 3,500 arrests, 900 injured, $30 million destroyed Outcome- even more race riots in 100+ cities, and new leaders emerge Outcome- even more race riots in 100+ cities, and new leaders emerge

Stokely Carmichael- leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Stokely Carmichael- leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Ideas: coined the phrase Black Power after being arrested during the March Against Fear- 220 mile solitary march led by J. Meredith, shot by a white man 1 st day but lived Ideas: coined the phrase Black Power after being arrested during the March Against Fear- 220 mile solitary march led by J. Meredith, shot by a white man 1 st day but lived

Good Morning/Afternoon Warm-up Warm-up Turn in textbooks this week for EXTRA CREDIT!!!! Friday is the last day for points Turn in textbooks this week for EXTRA CREDIT!!!! Friday is the last day for points

Carmichael, MLK, and McKiss finished march with different tactics (confrontational vs. nonviolent) Carmichael, MLK, and McKiss finished march with different tactics (confrontational vs. nonviolent) Outcome- Carmichael arrested and beaten but becomes a grassroots hero~ Outcome- Carmichael arrested and beaten but becomes a grassroots hero~

Black Panther Party BPP- started in 1965 in Oakland, Ca Black Panther Party BPP- started in 1965 in Oakland, Ca Leaders-Huey P Newton & Bobby Seale Leaders-Huey P Newton & Bobby Seale Ideas- fight police brutality + take control of the community, also preached armed revolt Ideas- fight police brutality + take control of the community, also preached armed revolt

-made money by selling writings of Mao Zedong (leader of communist China) -made money by selling writings of Mao Zedong (leader of communist China) Examples: breakfast programs, day care, and other services Examples: breakfast programs, day care, and other services

Style- black Berets, leather jackets, sunglasses Style- black Berets, leather jackets, sunglasses Outcome- FBI investigations to break up the party and shootouts w/ police end the party Outcome- FBI investigations to break up the party and shootouts w/ police end the party

Legacy of Civil Rights Movement Ends only one form of segregation MLK Jr. assassinated- April 3, 1968, by James Earl Ray MLK Jr. assassinated- April 3, 1968, by James Earl Ray Reaction- worst riots in US history, 125 cities Reaction- worst riots in US history, 125 cities

Civil Rights Achievements Ends de jure segregation (by law), but not… Ends de jure segregation (by law), but not… De Facto segregation (by custom) De Facto segregation (by custom) Legislation Legislation 1. Civil Rights Act of 1964, banned discrimination in public places and housing 1. Civil Rights Act of 1964, banned discrimination in public places and housing 2. Voting Rights Act of guaranteed African-Americans the right to vote (% of Afr/Am voters triple in the South) 2. Voting Rights Act of guaranteed African-Americans the right to vote (% of Afr/Am voters triple in the South)

Unfinished Work 1970’s- changing issues like housing, jobs, poverty, education, and racism means changes attitudes= much harder 1970’s- changing issues like housing, jobs, poverty, education, and racism means changes attitudes= much harder Ex. Affirmative Action- help minorities get fair opportunities through hiring and enrollments Ex. Affirmative Action- help minorities get fair opportunities through hiring and enrollments Outcome-to be determined (illegal in CA now) Outcome-to be determined (illegal in CA now) -Some call it reverse-discrimination -Some call it reverse-discrimination Bakke vs. UC Regents Bakke vs. UC Regents